Navigation is one of the main challenges in robotics. Different technologies and strategies are involved, such as sensing, positioning, mapping, approaching, tracking, formation, control, communication, human interfaces, and learning. The aim of this Special Issue is to contribute to the state-of-the-art and current applications of robot navigation. Typical areas of interest include the following: development of robotics and sensors designed to be utilized within any radiological environment; perception, stand-alone, and cooperative approaches; SLAM; map-based, landmark-based, and beacon-based navigations (2D and 3D); data fusion for mobile robot navigation; wireless sensor networks for mobile robot navigation; network control systems; robot formation and tracking; adaptive robot navigation and control; biologically inspired robot navigation; path planning; applications of mobile robot navigation; genetic algorithms for mobile robot navigation; and tracking algorithms.