Final published version
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Modeling and optimizing a fare incentive strategy to manage queuing and crowding in mass transit systems
AU - Tang, Yili
AU - Jiang, Yu
AU - Yang, Hai
AU - Nielsen, Otto Anker
PY - 2020/8/31
Y1 - 2020/8/31
N2 - This paper solves the problem of optimizing a surcharge-reward scheme and analyzes equilibrium properties incorporating commuters’ departure time choice to relieve crowding and queuing congestion in mass transit systems. The surcharge-reward scheme incentivizes commuters to switch departure times from a pre-specified central period to shoulder periods. We formulate a bilevel model to design and optimize the surcharge-reward scheme. The upper-level problem minimizes the total equilibrium costs by determining the refundable surcharges, the rewards, and the corresponding central charging period. The lower-level problem determines the equilibrium of commuters’ departure times with respect to generalized travel costs. Equilibrium properties are analyzed and a sequential iterative solution algorithm is developed. We found that the existence of an optimal solution depends on the scheme design and there exists a lower bound on the surcharge to achieve the system optimum. Numerical studies are conducted on a commuting rail line in Copenhagen. The proposed algorithm converges efficiently, and the fare incentive scheme can simultaneously reduce the individual trip costs, total crowding costs, and total queuing time costs. The performance of the scheme increases with the rewards and surcharges up to a point and beyond which it stays unchanged.
AB - This paper solves the problem of optimizing a surcharge-reward scheme and analyzes equilibrium properties incorporating commuters’ departure time choice to relieve crowding and queuing congestion in mass transit systems. The surcharge-reward scheme incentivizes commuters to switch departure times from a pre-specified central period to shoulder periods. We formulate a bilevel model to design and optimize the surcharge-reward scheme. The upper-level problem minimizes the total equilibrium costs by determining the refundable surcharges, the rewards, and the corresponding central charging period. The lower-level problem determines the equilibrium of commuters’ departure times with respect to generalized travel costs. Equilibrium properties are analyzed and a sequential iterative solution algorithm is developed. We found that the existence of an optimal solution depends on the scheme design and there exists a lower bound on the surcharge to achieve the system optimum. Numerical studies are conducted on a commuting rail line in Copenhagen. The proposed algorithm converges efficiently, and the fare incentive scheme can simultaneously reduce the individual trip costs, total crowding costs, and total queuing time costs. The performance of the scheme increases with the rewards and surcharges up to a point and beyond which it stays unchanged.
UR - https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/c57fc463-cdaf-4692-887e-90a4472cb061
U2 - 10.1016/j.trb.2020.05.006
DO - 10.1016/j.trb.2020.05.006
M3 - Journal article
VL - 138
SP - 247
EP - 267
JO - Transportation Research Part B: Methodological
JF - Transportation Research Part B: Methodological
SN - 0191-2615
ER -