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Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Modifications in glass ionomer cements
T2 - Nano-sized fillers and bioactive nanoceramics
AU - Najeeb, S.
AU - Khurshid, Z.
AU - Zafar, M.S.
AU - Khan, A.S.
AU - Zohaib, S.
AU - Martí, J.M.N.
AU - Sauro, S.
AU - Matinlinna, J.P.
AU - Rehman, I.U.
PY - 2016/7/14
Y1 - 2016/7/14
N2 - Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are being used for a wide range of applications in dentistry. In order to overcome the poor mechanical properties of glass ionomers, several modifications have been introduced to the conventional GICs. Nanotechnology involves the use of systems, modifications or materials the size of which is in the range of 1–100 nm. Nano-modification of conventional GICs and resin modified GICs (RMGICs) can be achieved by incorporation of nano-sized fillers to RMGICs, reducing the size of the glass particles, and introducing nano-sized bioceramics to the glass powder. Studies suggest that the commercially available nano-filled RMGIC does not hold any significant advantage over conventional RMGICs as far as the mechanical and bonding properties are concerned. Conversely, incorporation of nano-sized apatite crystals not only increases the mechanical properties of conventional GICs, but also can enhance fluoride release and bioactivity. By increasing the crystallinity of the set matrix, apatites can make the set cement chemically more stable, insoluble, and improve the bond strength with tooth structure. Increased fluoride release can also reduce and arrest secondary caries. However, due to a lack of long-term clinical studies, the use of nano-modified glass ionomers is still limited in daily clinical dentistry. In addition to the in vitro and in vivo studies, more randomized clinical trials are required to justify the use of these promising materials. The aim of this paper is to review the modification performed in GIC-based materials to improve their physicochemical properties. © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
AB - Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are being used for a wide range of applications in dentistry. In order to overcome the poor mechanical properties of glass ionomers, several modifications have been introduced to the conventional GICs. Nanotechnology involves the use of systems, modifications or materials the size of which is in the range of 1–100 nm. Nano-modification of conventional GICs and resin modified GICs (RMGICs) can be achieved by incorporation of nano-sized fillers to RMGICs, reducing the size of the glass particles, and introducing nano-sized bioceramics to the glass powder. Studies suggest that the commercially available nano-filled RMGIC does not hold any significant advantage over conventional RMGICs as far as the mechanical and bonding properties are concerned. Conversely, incorporation of nano-sized apatite crystals not only increases the mechanical properties of conventional GICs, but also can enhance fluoride release and bioactivity. By increasing the crystallinity of the set matrix, apatites can make the set cement chemically more stable, insoluble, and improve the bond strength with tooth structure. Increased fluoride release can also reduce and arrest secondary caries. However, due to a lack of long-term clinical studies, the use of nano-modified glass ionomers is still limited in daily clinical dentistry. In addition to the in vitro and in vivo studies, more randomized clinical trials are required to justify the use of these promising materials. The aim of this paper is to review the modification performed in GIC-based materials to improve their physicochemical properties. © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
KW - Adhesive dentistry
KW - Glass ionomer cement
KW - Nanotechnology
KW - Restorative dentistry
KW - apatite
KW - bioceramics
KW - calcium fluoride
KW - filler
KW - glass ionomer
KW - hydroxyapatite
KW - resin modified glass ionomer cement
KW - titanium dioxide
KW - unclassified drug
KW - zirconium oxide
KW - nanoparticle
KW - tooth cement
KW - chemical binding
KW - chemical bond
KW - chemical modification
KW - compressive strength
KW - dental caries
KW - human
KW - nanofabrication
KW - physical chemistry
KW - reparative dentistry
KW - Review
KW - scanning electron microscopy
KW - surface property
KW - tensile strength
KW - tooth
KW - ceramics
KW - chemistry
KW - Ceramics
KW - Dental Cements
KW - Glass Ionomer Cements
KW - Humans
KW - Nanoparticles
U2 - 10.3390/ijms17071134
DO - 10.3390/ijms17071134
M3 - Journal article
VL - 17
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
SN - 1661-6596
IS - 7
M1 - 1134
ER -