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Physical mechanisms of megahertz vibrations and nonlinear detection in ultrasonic force and related microscopies

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Physical mechanisms of megahertz vibrations and nonlinear detection in ultrasonic force and related microscopies. / Bosse, Jim; Tovee, Peter; Huey, B. D. et al.
In: Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 115, No. 4, 144304, 2014.

Research output: Contribution to Journal/MagazineJournal articlepeer-review

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Bosse J, Tovee P, Huey BD, Kolosov O. Physical mechanisms of megahertz vibrations and nonlinear detection in ultrasonic force and related microscopies. Journal of Applied Physics. 2014;115(4):144304. Epub 2014 Apr 9. doi: 10.1063/1.4871077

Author

Bosse, Jim ; Tovee, Peter ; Huey, B. D. et al. / Physical mechanisms of megahertz vibrations and nonlinear detection in ultrasonic force and related microscopies. In: Journal of Applied Physics. 2014 ; Vol. 115, No. 4.

Bibtex

@article{a794e85cc42a4cfaa762081f22b7a808,
title = "Physical mechanisms of megahertz vibrations and nonlinear detection in ultrasonic force and related microscopies",
abstract = "Use of high frequency (HF) vibrations at MHz frequencies in Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) advanced nanoscale property mapping to video rates, allowed use of cantilever dynamics for mapping nanomechanical properties of stiff materials, sensing ls time scale phenomena in nanostructures, and enabled detection of subsurface features with nanoscale resolution. All of these methods critically depend on the generally poor characterized HF behaviour of AFM cantilevers in contact with a studied sample, spatial and frequency response of piezotransducers, and transfer of ultrasonic vibrations between the probe and a specimen. Focusing particularly on Ultrasonic Force Microscopy (UFM), this work is also applicable to waveguide UFM, heterodyne force microscopy, and near-field holographic microscopy, all methods that exploit nonlinear tip-surface force interactions at high frequencies. Leveraging automated multidimensional measurements, spectroscopic UFM (sUFM) is introduced to investigate a range of common experimental parameters, including piezotransducer excitation frequency, probed position, ultrasonic amplitude, cantilever geometry, spring constant, and normal force. Consistent with studies of influence of each of these factors, the data-rich sUFM signatures allow efficient optimization of ultrasonic-AFM based measurements, leading to best practices recommendations of using longer cantilevers with lower fundamental resonance, while at the same time increasing the central frequency of HF piezo-actuators, and only direct comparing results within areas on the order of few lm2 unless calibrated directly or comparing with in-the-imaged area standards. Diverse materials such as Si, Cr, and photoresist are specifically investigated. This work thereby provides essential insight into the reliable use of MHz vibrations with AFM and provides direct evidence substantiating phenomena such as sensitivity to adhesion, diminished friction for certain ultrasonic conditions, and the particular benefit of UFM and related methods for nanoscale mapping of stiff materials.",
keywords = "ultrasonc force microscopy, UFM, UFM, ultrasound, HFM, heterodyne force microscopy, atomic force acoustic microscopy, holographic, near-field, subsurface, materials characterisation, nanotechnology, nano-science",
author = "Jim Bosse and Peter Tovee and Huey, {B. D.} and Oleg Kolosov",
year = "2014",
doi = "10.1063/1.4871077",
language = "English",
volume = "115",
journal = "Journal of Applied Physics",
issn = "0021-8979",
publisher = "AMER INST PHYSICS",
number = "4",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Physical mechanisms of megahertz vibrations and nonlinear detection in ultrasonic force and related microscopies

AU - Bosse, Jim

AU - Tovee, Peter

AU - Huey, B. D.

AU - Kolosov, Oleg

PY - 2014

Y1 - 2014

N2 - Use of high frequency (HF) vibrations at MHz frequencies in Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) advanced nanoscale property mapping to video rates, allowed use of cantilever dynamics for mapping nanomechanical properties of stiff materials, sensing ls time scale phenomena in nanostructures, and enabled detection of subsurface features with nanoscale resolution. All of these methods critically depend on the generally poor characterized HF behaviour of AFM cantilevers in contact with a studied sample, spatial and frequency response of piezotransducers, and transfer of ultrasonic vibrations between the probe and a specimen. Focusing particularly on Ultrasonic Force Microscopy (UFM), this work is also applicable to waveguide UFM, heterodyne force microscopy, and near-field holographic microscopy, all methods that exploit nonlinear tip-surface force interactions at high frequencies. Leveraging automated multidimensional measurements, spectroscopic UFM (sUFM) is introduced to investigate a range of common experimental parameters, including piezotransducer excitation frequency, probed position, ultrasonic amplitude, cantilever geometry, spring constant, and normal force. Consistent with studies of influence of each of these factors, the data-rich sUFM signatures allow efficient optimization of ultrasonic-AFM based measurements, leading to best practices recommendations of using longer cantilevers with lower fundamental resonance, while at the same time increasing the central frequency of HF piezo-actuators, and only direct comparing results within areas on the order of few lm2 unless calibrated directly or comparing with in-the-imaged area standards. Diverse materials such as Si, Cr, and photoresist are specifically investigated. This work thereby provides essential insight into the reliable use of MHz vibrations with AFM and provides direct evidence substantiating phenomena such as sensitivity to adhesion, diminished friction for certain ultrasonic conditions, and the particular benefit of UFM and related methods for nanoscale mapping of stiff materials.

AB - Use of high frequency (HF) vibrations at MHz frequencies in Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) advanced nanoscale property mapping to video rates, allowed use of cantilever dynamics for mapping nanomechanical properties of stiff materials, sensing ls time scale phenomena in nanostructures, and enabled detection of subsurface features with nanoscale resolution. All of these methods critically depend on the generally poor characterized HF behaviour of AFM cantilevers in contact with a studied sample, spatial and frequency response of piezotransducers, and transfer of ultrasonic vibrations between the probe and a specimen. Focusing particularly on Ultrasonic Force Microscopy (UFM), this work is also applicable to waveguide UFM, heterodyne force microscopy, and near-field holographic microscopy, all methods that exploit nonlinear tip-surface force interactions at high frequencies. Leveraging automated multidimensional measurements, spectroscopic UFM (sUFM) is introduced to investigate a range of common experimental parameters, including piezotransducer excitation frequency, probed position, ultrasonic amplitude, cantilever geometry, spring constant, and normal force. Consistent with studies of influence of each of these factors, the data-rich sUFM signatures allow efficient optimization of ultrasonic-AFM based measurements, leading to best practices recommendations of using longer cantilevers with lower fundamental resonance, while at the same time increasing the central frequency of HF piezo-actuators, and only direct comparing results within areas on the order of few lm2 unless calibrated directly or comparing with in-the-imaged area standards. Diverse materials such as Si, Cr, and photoresist are specifically investigated. This work thereby provides essential insight into the reliable use of MHz vibrations with AFM and provides direct evidence substantiating phenomena such as sensitivity to adhesion, diminished friction for certain ultrasonic conditions, and the particular benefit of UFM and related methods for nanoscale mapping of stiff materials.

KW - ultrasonc force microscopy, UFM

KW - UFM

KW - ultrasound

KW - HFM

KW - heterodyne force microscopy

KW - atomic force acoustic microscopy

KW - holographic

KW - near-field

KW - subsurface

KW - materials characterisation

KW - nanotechnology

KW - nano-science

U2 - 10.1063/1.4871077

DO - 10.1063/1.4871077

M3 - Journal article

VL - 115

JO - Journal of Applied Physics

JF - Journal of Applied Physics

SN - 0021-8979

IS - 4

M1 - 144304

ER -