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Search for Gravitational Waves Emitted from SN 2023ixf

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Search for Gravitational Waves Emitted from SN 2023ixf. / The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, and the KAGRA Collaboration.
In: The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 985, No. 2, 183, 22.05.2025.

Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

Harvard

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, and the KAGRA Collaboration 2025, 'Search for Gravitational Waves Emitted from SN 2023ixf', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 985, no. 2, 183. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc681

APA

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, and the KAGRA Collaboration (2025). Search for Gravitational Waves Emitted from SN 2023ixf. The Astrophysical Journal, 985(2), Article 183. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc681

Vancouver

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, and the KAGRA Collaboration. Search for Gravitational Waves Emitted from SN 2023ixf. The Astrophysical Journal. 2025 May 22;985(2):183. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/adc681

Author

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, and the KAGRA Collaboration. / Search for Gravitational Waves Emitted from SN 2023ixf. In: The Astrophysical Journal. 2025 ; Vol. 985, No. 2.

Bibtex

@article{9566d81e8c37420e9da3bb36cd4e3d2e,
title = "Search for Gravitational Waves Emitted from SN 2023ixf",
abstract = "We present the results of a search for gravitational-wave transients associated with core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf, which was observed in the galaxy Messier 101 via optical emission on 2023 May 19, during the LIGO{\^a}€“Virgo{\^a}€“KAGRA 15th Engineering Run. We define a five-day on-source window during which an accompanying gravitational-wave signal may have occurred. No gravitational waves have been identified in data when at least two gravitational-wave observatories were operating, which covered {\^a}ˆ¼14% of this five-day window. We report the search detection efficiency for various possible gravitational-wave emission models. Considering the distance to M101 (6.7 Mpc), we derive constraints on the gravitational-wave emission mechanism of core-collapse supernovae across a broad frequency spectrum, ranging from 50 Hz to 2 kHz, where we assume the gravitational-wave emission occurred when coincident data are available in the on-source window. Considering an ellipsoid model for a rotating proto-neutron star, our search is sensitive to gravitational-wave energy 1 {\~A}— 10{\^a}ˆ{\textquoteright}4 M{\^a}{\v S}{\texttrademark}c2 and luminosity 2.6 {\~A}— 10{\^a}ˆ{\textquoteright}4 M{\^a}{\v S}{\texttrademark}c2 s{\^a}ˆ{\textquoteright}1 for a source emitting at 82 Hz. These constraints are around an order of magnitude more stringent than those obtained so far with gravitational-wave data. The constraint on the ellipticity of the proto-neutron star that is formed is as low as 1.08, at frequencies above 1200 Hz, surpassing past results.",
keywords = "Gravitational waves",
author = "{The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, and the KAGRA Collaboration} and Hewitt, {A. L.} and Pitkin, {M. D.}",
year = "2025",
month = may,
day = "22",
doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/adc681",
language = "English",
volume = "985",
journal = "The Astrophysical Journal",
issn = "0004-637X",
publisher = "Institute of Physics Publishing",
number = "2",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Search for Gravitational Waves Emitted from SN 2023ixf

AU - The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, and the KAGRA Collaboration

AU - Hewitt, A. L.

AU - Pitkin, M. D.

PY - 2025/5/22

Y1 - 2025/5/22

N2 - We present the results of a search for gravitational-wave transients associated with core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf, which was observed in the galaxy Messier 101 via optical emission on 2023 May 19, during the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA 15th Engineering Run. We define a five-day on-source window during which an accompanying gravitational-wave signal may have occurred. No gravitational waves have been identified in data when at least two gravitational-wave observatories were operating, which covered ∼14% of this five-day window. We report the search detection efficiency for various possible gravitational-wave emission models. Considering the distance to M101 (6.7 Mpc), we derive constraints on the gravitational-wave emission mechanism of core-collapse supernovae across a broad frequency spectrum, ranging from 50 Hz to 2 kHz, where we assume the gravitational-wave emission occurred when coincident data are available in the on-source window. Considering an ellipsoid model for a rotating proto-neutron star, our search is sensitive to gravitational-wave energy 1 × 10−4 M⊙c2 and luminosity 2.6 × 10−4 M⊙c2 s−1 for a source emitting at 82 Hz. These constraints are around an order of magnitude more stringent than those obtained so far with gravitational-wave data. The constraint on the ellipticity of the proto-neutron star that is formed is as low as 1.08, at frequencies above 1200 Hz, surpassing past results.

AB - We present the results of a search for gravitational-wave transients associated with core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf, which was observed in the galaxy Messier 101 via optical emission on 2023 May 19, during the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA 15th Engineering Run. We define a five-day on-source window during which an accompanying gravitational-wave signal may have occurred. No gravitational waves have been identified in data when at least two gravitational-wave observatories were operating, which covered ∼14% of this five-day window. We report the search detection efficiency for various possible gravitational-wave emission models. Considering the distance to M101 (6.7 Mpc), we derive constraints on the gravitational-wave emission mechanism of core-collapse supernovae across a broad frequency spectrum, ranging from 50 Hz to 2 kHz, where we assume the gravitational-wave emission occurred when coincident data are available in the on-source window. Considering an ellipsoid model for a rotating proto-neutron star, our search is sensitive to gravitational-wave energy 1 × 10−4 M⊙c2 and luminosity 2.6 × 10−4 M⊙c2 s−1 for a source emitting at 82 Hz. These constraints are around an order of magnitude more stringent than those obtained so far with gravitational-wave data. The constraint on the ellipticity of the proto-neutron star that is formed is as low as 1.08, at frequencies above 1200 Hz, surpassing past results.

KW - Gravitational waves

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/adc681

DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/adc681

M3 - Journal article

VL - 985

JO - The Astrophysical Journal

JF - The Astrophysical Journal

SN - 0004-637X

IS - 2

M1 - 183

ER -