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Seasonal assessment of drinking water sources in Rwanda using GIS, contamination degree (Cd), and metal index (MI)

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Seasonal assessment of drinking water sources in Rwanda using GIS, contamination degree (Cd), and metal index (MI). / Mukanyandwi, V.; Kurban, A.; Hakorimana, E. et al.
In: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 191, No. 12, 734, 31.12.2019.

Research output: Contribution to Journal/MagazineJournal articlepeer-review

Harvard

Mukanyandwi, V, Kurban, A, Hakorimana, E, Nahayo, L, Habiyaremye, G, Gasirabo, A & Sindikubwabo, T 2019, 'Seasonal assessment of drinking water sources in Rwanda using GIS, contamination degree (Cd), and metal index (MI)', Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 191, no. 12, 734. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7757-9

APA

Mukanyandwi, V., Kurban, A., Hakorimana, E., Nahayo, L., Habiyaremye, G., Gasirabo, A., & Sindikubwabo, T. (2019). Seasonal assessment of drinking water sources in Rwanda using GIS, contamination degree (Cd), and metal index (MI). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191(12), Article 734. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7757-9

Vancouver

Mukanyandwi V, Kurban A, Hakorimana E, Nahayo L, Habiyaremye G, Gasirabo A et al. Seasonal assessment of drinking water sources in Rwanda using GIS, contamination degree (Cd), and metal index (MI). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2019 Dec 31;191(12):734. Epub 2019 Nov 9. doi: 10.1007/s10661-019-7757-9

Author

Mukanyandwi, V. ; Kurban, A. ; Hakorimana, E. et al. / Seasonal assessment of drinking water sources in Rwanda using GIS, contamination degree (Cd), and metal index (MI). In: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2019 ; Vol. 191, No. 12.

Bibtex

@article{99ccd729a0134d5898ea6110a12d4639,
title = "Seasonal assessment of drinking water sources in Rwanda using GIS, contamination degree (Cd), and metal index (MI)",
abstract = "The quality of drinking water source remains as a major concern in areas of developing and underdeveloped countries worldwide. The treatment and supply of drinking water in Rwanda are carried out by Water and Sanitation Corporation, a state-owned public company. However, it is not able to supply water to all households. Consequently, the non-serviced households depend on natural water sources, like springs, to meet their water requirements. Nevertheless, the water quality in these springs is scarcely known. Therefore, this study assessed and compared metal elements in drinking water sources in the dry and rainy seasons in 2017 using the contamination degree, metal index, and geographic information systems to reveal the spatial distribution of water quality within the considered water sources of springs in Rwanda. The samples were collected monthly from nine water sources of springs and the measured elements are aluminium, calcium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc. The metal index indicated that during the dry season and rainy season, the sites of Kibungo (1.10 and 1.26) and Kinigi (1.01 and 1.54) have assessed a metal index which is higher than 1. Thus, the water quality of those sites was getting the threshold of warning. The analysis indicated that pollutants are easily transported into water bodies during the rainy season in urban and rural areas to a greater extent than during the dry season .",
keywords = "Contamination degree, Metal index, Springs, Water quality, Rwanda",
author = "V. Mukanyandwi and A. Kurban and E. Hakorimana and L. Nahayo and G. Habiyaremye and A. Gasirabo and T. Sindikubwabo",
year = "2019",
month = dec,
day = "31",
doi = "10.1007/s10661-019-7757-9",
language = "English",
volume = "191",
journal = "Environmental Monitoring and Assessment",
issn = "0167-6369",
publisher = "Springer Netherlands",
number = "12",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Seasonal assessment of drinking water sources in Rwanda using GIS, contamination degree (Cd), and metal index (MI)

AU - Mukanyandwi, V.

AU - Kurban, A.

AU - Hakorimana, E.

AU - Nahayo, L.

AU - Habiyaremye, G.

AU - Gasirabo, A.

AU - Sindikubwabo, T.

PY - 2019/12/31

Y1 - 2019/12/31

N2 - The quality of drinking water source remains as a major concern in areas of developing and underdeveloped countries worldwide. The treatment and supply of drinking water in Rwanda are carried out by Water and Sanitation Corporation, a state-owned public company. However, it is not able to supply water to all households. Consequently, the non-serviced households depend on natural water sources, like springs, to meet their water requirements. Nevertheless, the water quality in these springs is scarcely known. Therefore, this study assessed and compared metal elements in drinking water sources in the dry and rainy seasons in 2017 using the contamination degree, metal index, and geographic information systems to reveal the spatial distribution of water quality within the considered water sources of springs in Rwanda. The samples were collected monthly from nine water sources of springs and the measured elements are aluminium, calcium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc. The metal index indicated that during the dry season and rainy season, the sites of Kibungo (1.10 and 1.26) and Kinigi (1.01 and 1.54) have assessed a metal index which is higher than 1. Thus, the water quality of those sites was getting the threshold of warning. The analysis indicated that pollutants are easily transported into water bodies during the rainy season in urban and rural areas to a greater extent than during the dry season .

AB - The quality of drinking water source remains as a major concern in areas of developing and underdeveloped countries worldwide. The treatment and supply of drinking water in Rwanda are carried out by Water and Sanitation Corporation, a state-owned public company. However, it is not able to supply water to all households. Consequently, the non-serviced households depend on natural water sources, like springs, to meet their water requirements. Nevertheless, the water quality in these springs is scarcely known. Therefore, this study assessed and compared metal elements in drinking water sources in the dry and rainy seasons in 2017 using the contamination degree, metal index, and geographic information systems to reveal the spatial distribution of water quality within the considered water sources of springs in Rwanda. The samples were collected monthly from nine water sources of springs and the measured elements are aluminium, calcium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc. The metal index indicated that during the dry season and rainy season, the sites of Kibungo (1.10 and 1.26) and Kinigi (1.01 and 1.54) have assessed a metal index which is higher than 1. Thus, the water quality of those sites was getting the threshold of warning. The analysis indicated that pollutants are easily transported into water bodies during the rainy season in urban and rural areas to a greater extent than during the dry season .

KW - Contamination degree

KW - Metal index

KW - Springs

KW - Water quality

KW - Rwanda

U2 - 10.1007/s10661-019-7757-9

DO - 10.1007/s10661-019-7757-9

M3 - Journal article

VL - 191

JO - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

SN - 0167-6369

IS - 12

M1 - 734

ER -