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SN 2021zny: an early flux excess combined with late-time oxygen emission suggests a double white dwarf merger event

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  • Kate Maguire
  • Viraj R Karambelkar
  • Ryan J Lebron
  • Chang Liu (刘 畅)
  • Alexandra Kozyreva
  • Adam A Miller
  • Ryan Ridden-Harper
  • Joseph P Anderson
  • Ting-Wan Chen
  • Michael Coughlin
  • Massimo Della Valle
  • Andrew Drake
  • Lluís Galbany
  • Mariusz Gromadzki
  • Steven L Groom
  • Claudia P Gutiérrez
  • Nada Ihanec
  • Cosimo Inserra
  • Joel Johansson
  • Tomás E Müller-Bravo
  • Matt Nicholl
  • Abigail Polin
  • Ben Rusholme
  • Steve Schulze
  • Jesper Sollerman
  • Shubham Srivastav
  • Kirsty Taggart
  • Qinan Wang
  • Yi Yang (杨 轶)
  • David R Young
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<mark>Journal publication date</mark>1/05/2023
<mark>Journal</mark>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Issue number1
Volume521
Number of pages22
Pages (from-to)1162-1183
Publication StatusPublished
<mark>Original language</mark>English

Abstract

We present a photometric and spectroscopic analysis of the ultraluminous and slowly evolving 03fg-like Type Ia SN 2021zny. Our observational campaign starts from ∼5.3 h after explosion (making SN 2021zny one of the earliest observed members of its class), with dense multiwavelength coverage from a variety of ground- and space-based telescopes, and is concluded with a nebular spectrum ∼10 months after peak brightness. SN 2021zny displayed several characteristics of its class, such as the peak brightness (M B = −19.95 mag), the slow decline (Δm 15(B) = 0.62 mag), the blue early-time colours, the low ejecta velocities, and the presence of significant unburned material above the photosphere. However, a flux excess for the first ∼1.5 d after explosion is observed in four photometric bands, making SN 2021zny the third 03fg-like event with this distinct behaviour, while its +313 d spectrum shows prominent [O I] lines, a very unusual characteristic of thermonuclear SNe. The early flux excess can be explained as the outcome of the interaction of the ejecta with ∼ 0.04 M of H/He-poor circumstellar material at a distance of ∼10 12 cm, while the low ionization state of the late-time spectrum reveals low abundances of stable iron-peak elements. All our observations are in accordance with a progenitor system of two carbon/oxygen white dwarfs that undergo a merger event, with the disrupted white dwarf ejecting carbon-rich circumstellar material prior to the primary white dwarf detonation.