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Superradiant phase transition in a large interacting driven atomic ensemble in free space

Research output: Contribution to Journal/MagazineJournal articlepeer-review

Published
<mark>Journal publication date</mark>25/02/2025
<mark>Journal</mark>Optica Quantum
Issue number1
Volume3
Number of pages7
Pages (from-to)15-21
Publication StatusPublished
Early online date27/01/25
<mark>Original language</mark>English

Abstract

Abstract: Atoms strongly interacting with light constitute rich quantum-optical systems with the potential for observing cooperative effects and dissipative nonequilibrium phase transitions. We analyze the conditions under which a driven atomic array, characterized by strong dipole-dipole interactions and a large spatial extent, can undergo a superradiant phase transition, also known as cooperative resonance fluorescence. We find that the array can exhibit completely cooperative decay that conserves the collective pseudospin, resulting in a second-order quantum
phase transition, with a key hallmark being an abrupt shift from total light reflection by the atoms to rapidly increasing transmission and significant quantum fluctuations. We compare the results with decay mechanisms that fail to conserve pseudospin, leading to a discontinuous first-order phase transition at a critical finite atom number.