Final published version
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Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Terahertz Metamaterial Optoelectronic Modulators with GHz Reconfiguration Speed
AU - Zaman, Abdullah M.
AU - Lu, Yuezhen
AU - Romain, Xavier
AU - Almond, Nikita W.
AU - Burton, Oliver J.
AU - Alexander-Webber, Jack
AU - Hofmann, Stephan
AU - Mitchell, Thomas
AU - Griffiths, Jonathan D. P.
AU - Beere, Harvey.E.
AU - Ritchie, David.A.
AU - DeglInnocenti, Riccardo
PY - 2022/9/30
Y1 - 2022/9/30
N2 - All-electronic ultrafast control of terahertz radiation is demonstrated in integrated metamaterial/graphene devices. By electrostatic gating the graphene conductivity, the overall optical response of the incident terahertz E-field is modified. Depending on the configuration, amplitude, phase, and polarization of terahertz radiation could be modulated with GHz range of reconfiguration speed. An extinction ratio of >7.6 dB in amplitude is achieved at the resonant frequency of 0.75 THz. Additionally, a relative phase shift of >17.4°. is observed around a frequency of 0.68 THz. When operating as a polarization modulator, the device has reported an ellipticity change of ~40% at a frequency of 0.68 THz and a dynamic rotation of the polarization plane by >9°at resonance. The switching capability of the modulators has been investigated all electronically reporting a speed exceeding 3 GHz, only limited by the available instrumentation. Consequently, GHz-speed of modulation can be achieved for frequencies around 0.75 THz. These results represent a breakthrough for all applications where a fast, versatile and efficient modulation of THz radiation is required, such as in next-generation wireless communication, quantum electronics, and ultrafast imaging.
AB - All-electronic ultrafast control of terahertz radiation is demonstrated in integrated metamaterial/graphene devices. By electrostatic gating the graphene conductivity, the overall optical response of the incident terahertz E-field is modified. Depending on the configuration, amplitude, phase, and polarization of terahertz radiation could be modulated with GHz range of reconfiguration speed. An extinction ratio of >7.6 dB in amplitude is achieved at the resonant frequency of 0.75 THz. Additionally, a relative phase shift of >17.4°. is observed around a frequency of 0.68 THz. When operating as a polarization modulator, the device has reported an ellipticity change of ~40% at a frequency of 0.68 THz and a dynamic rotation of the polarization plane by >9°at resonance. The switching capability of the modulators has been investigated all electronically reporting a speed exceeding 3 GHz, only limited by the available instrumentation. Consequently, GHz-speed of modulation can be achieved for frequencies around 0.75 THz. These results represent a breakthrough for all applications where a fast, versatile and efficient modulation of THz radiation is required, such as in next-generation wireless communication, quantum electronics, and ultrafast imaging.
KW - Graphene
KW - integrated modulators
KW - metamaterials (MMs)
KW - terahert (THz)
KW - wireless communications
U2 - 10.1109/tthz.2022.3178875
DO - 10.1109/tthz.2022.3178875
M3 - Journal article
VL - 12
SP - 520
EP - 526
JO - IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology
JF - IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology
SN - 2156-342X
IS - 5
ER -