Rights statement: This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Otieno, J. A., Pallmann, P. and Poehling, H.-M. (2016), The combined effect of soil-applied azadirachtin with entomopathogens for integrated management of western flower thrips. Journal of Applied Entomology, 140: 174–186. doi: 10.1111/jen.12242 which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jen.12242/abstract This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance With Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archiving.
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Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - The combined effect of soil-applied azadirachtin with entomopathogens for integrated management of western flower thrips
AU - Otieno, Jacinter A.
AU - Pallmann, Philip
AU - Poehling, Hans-Michael
N1 - This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Otieno, J. A., Pallmann, P. and Poehling, H.-M. (2016), The combined effect of soil-applied azadirachtin with entomopathogens for integrated management of western flower thrips. Journal of Applied Entomology, 140: 174–186. doi: 10.1111/jen.12242 which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jen.12242/abstract This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance With Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archiving.
PY - 2016/4
Y1 - 2016/4
N2 - Performance of soil application of azadirachtin products with entomopathogens was evaluated as single treatments, in multiple combinations and in different concentrations against the soil stages of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), in French beans Phaseolus vulgaris L. Treatments consisted of NeemAzal-T solution, neem pellets, Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) Nemastar®, isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (IPP 2539 and ICIPE-69) and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) – Naturalis®. All treatments were analysed for the number of emerging adults, while emerged adults in fungi-based treatments were analysed additionally for the retarded development of mycosis as a possible cause of secondary mortality. Possible interactive effects in combined treatments were analysed using a generalized linear model (GLM) approach, and three levels of dose–response combinations of the selected treatments were further tested. Bioassay results of the single treatments indicated between 43% and 60% reduction in adult emergence with NeemAzal-T solution thus proving to be the most efficient. However, most cadavers with entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) treatments showed the development of mycosis. Therefore, the reduction in adult emergence attributed to the EPF was altogether >87%. Combined treatments with Steinernema, Metarhizium (ICIPE-69), NeemAzal-T and neem pellets resulted in total reduction in adult emergence of 95–97% when late mortality by mycosis was considered. Of the treatment combinations, two showed synergistic, four additive and one an antagonistic response. Combining low concentration of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) (100 IJ/cm2) with NeemAzal-T resulted in satisfactory control compared to the operational dose of EPN, while the highest concentration of M. anisopliae (108 conidia) combined with Steinernema showed the best performance with 74% reduction in adult emergence.
AB - Performance of soil application of azadirachtin products with entomopathogens was evaluated as single treatments, in multiple combinations and in different concentrations against the soil stages of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), in French beans Phaseolus vulgaris L. Treatments consisted of NeemAzal-T solution, neem pellets, Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) Nemastar®, isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (IPP 2539 and ICIPE-69) and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) – Naturalis®. All treatments were analysed for the number of emerging adults, while emerged adults in fungi-based treatments were analysed additionally for the retarded development of mycosis as a possible cause of secondary mortality. Possible interactive effects in combined treatments were analysed using a generalized linear model (GLM) approach, and three levels of dose–response combinations of the selected treatments were further tested. Bioassay results of the single treatments indicated between 43% and 60% reduction in adult emergence with NeemAzal-T solution thus proving to be the most efficient. However, most cadavers with entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) treatments showed the development of mycosis. Therefore, the reduction in adult emergence attributed to the EPF was altogether >87%. Combined treatments with Steinernema, Metarhizium (ICIPE-69), NeemAzal-T and neem pellets resulted in total reduction in adult emergence of 95–97% when late mortality by mycosis was considered. Of the treatment combinations, two showed synergistic, four additive and one an antagonistic response. Combining low concentration of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) (100 IJ/cm2) with NeemAzal-T resulted in satisfactory control compared to the operational dose of EPN, while the highest concentration of M. anisopliae (108 conidia) combined with Steinernema showed the best performance with 74% reduction in adult emergence.
KW - biological control
KW - entomopathogenic fungi
KW - entomopathogenic nematode
KW - Frankliniella occidentalis
KW - neem
KW - synergism
U2 - 10.1111/jen.12242
DO - 10.1111/jen.12242
M3 - Journal article
VL - 140
SP - 174
EP - 186
JO - Journal of Applied Entomology
JF - Journal of Applied Entomology
SN - 0931-2048
IS - 3
ER -