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The contribution of oceanic methyl iodide to stratospheric iodine

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The contribution of oceanic methyl iodide to stratospheric iodine. / Tegtmeier, S.; Krueger, K.; Quack, B. et al.
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , Vol. 13, No. 23, 09.12.2013, p. 11869-11886.

Research output: Contribution to Journal/MagazineJournal articlepeer-review

Harvard

Tegtmeier, S, Krueger, K, Quack, B, Atlas, E, Blake, DR, Boenisch, H, Engel, A, Hepach, H, Hossaini, R, Navarro, MA, Raimund, S, Sala, S, Shi, Q & Ziska, E 2013, 'The contribution of oceanic methyl iodide to stratospheric iodine', Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , vol. 13, no. 23, pp. 11869-11886. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-11869-2013

APA

Tegtmeier, S., Krueger, K., Quack, B., Atlas, E., Blake, D. R., Boenisch, H., Engel, A., Hepach, H., Hossaini, R., Navarro, M. A., Raimund, S., Sala, S., Shi, Q., & Ziska, E. (2013). The contribution of oceanic methyl iodide to stratospheric iodine. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , 13(23), 11869-11886. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-11869-2013

Vancouver

Tegtmeier S, Krueger K, Quack B, Atlas E, Blake DR, Boenisch H et al. The contribution of oceanic methyl iodide to stratospheric iodine. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics . 2013 Dec 9;13(23):11869-11886. doi: 10.5194/acp-13-11869-2013

Author

Tegtmeier, S. ; Krueger, K. ; Quack, B. et al. / The contribution of oceanic methyl iodide to stratospheric iodine. In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics . 2013 ; Vol. 13, No. 23. pp. 11869-11886.

Bibtex

@article{6461307a52464ce7bf39d2e670c1ec58,
title = "The contribution of oceanic methyl iodide to stratospheric iodine",
abstract = "We investigate the contribution of oceanic methyl iodide (CH3I) to the stratospheric iodine budget. Based on CH3I measurements from three tropical ship campaigns and the Lagrangian transport model FLEXPART, we provide a detailed analysis of CH3I transport from the ocean surface to the cold point in the upper tropical tropopause layer (TTL). While average oceanic emissions differ by less than 50% from campaign to campaign, the measurements show much stronger variations within each campaign. A positive correlation between the oceanic CH3I emissions and the efficiency of CH3I troposphere stratosphere transport has been identified for some cruise sections. The mechanism of strong horizontal surface winds triggering large emissions on the one hand and being associated with tropical convective systems, such as developing typhoons, on the other hand, could explain the identified correlations. As a result of the simultaneous occurrence of large CH3I emissions and strong vertical uplift, localized maximum mixing ratios of 0.6 ppt CH3I at the cold point have been determined for observed peak emissions during the SHIVA (Stratospheric Ozone: Halogen Impacts in a Varying Atmosphere)-Sonne research vessel campaign in the coastal western Pacific. The other two campaigns give considerably smaller maxima of 0.1 ppt CH3I in the open western Pacific and 0.03 ppt in the coastal eastern Atlantic. In order to assess the representativeness of the large local mixing ratios, we use climatological emission scenarios to derive global upper air estimates of CH3I abundances. The model results are compared with available upper air measurements, including data from the recent ATTREX and HIPPO2 aircraft campaigns. In the eastern Pacific region, the location of the available measurement campaigns in the upper TTL, the comparisons give a good agreement, indicating that around 0.01 to 0.02 ppt of CH3I enter the stratosphere. However, other tropical regions that are subject to stronger convective activity show larger CH3I entrainment, e.g., 0.08 ppt in the western Pacific. Overall our model results give a tropical contribution of 0.04 ppt CH3I to the stratospheric iodine budget. The strong variations in the geographical distribution of CH3I entrainment suggest that currently available upper air measurements are not representative of global estimates and further campaigns will be necessary in order to better understand the CH3I contribution to stratospheric iodine.",
keywords = "PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL, TROPICAL ATLANTIC-OCEAN, MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER, FREE TROPOSPHERE, PHOTOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION, GASEOUS IODINE, GAS-EXCHANGE, WEST PACIFIC, SEA, TRANSPORT",
author = "S. Tegtmeier and K. Krueger and B. Quack and E. Atlas and Blake, {D. R.} and H. Boenisch and A. Engel and H. Hepach and R. Hossaini and Navarro, {M. A.} and S. Raimund and S. Sala and Q. Shi and E. Ziska",
year = "2013",
month = dec,
day = "9",
doi = "10.5194/acp-13-11869-2013",
language = "English",
volume = "13",
pages = "11869--11886",
journal = "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ",
issn = "1680-7316",
publisher = "Copernicus GmbH (Copernicus Publications) on behalf of the European Geosciences Union (EGU)",
number = "23",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - The contribution of oceanic methyl iodide to stratospheric iodine

AU - Tegtmeier, S.

AU - Krueger, K.

AU - Quack, B.

AU - Atlas, E.

AU - Blake, D. R.

AU - Boenisch, H.

AU - Engel, A.

AU - Hepach, H.

AU - Hossaini, R.

AU - Navarro, M. A.

AU - Raimund, S.

AU - Sala, S.

AU - Shi, Q.

AU - Ziska, E.

PY - 2013/12/9

Y1 - 2013/12/9

N2 - We investigate the contribution of oceanic methyl iodide (CH3I) to the stratospheric iodine budget. Based on CH3I measurements from three tropical ship campaigns and the Lagrangian transport model FLEXPART, we provide a detailed analysis of CH3I transport from the ocean surface to the cold point in the upper tropical tropopause layer (TTL). While average oceanic emissions differ by less than 50% from campaign to campaign, the measurements show much stronger variations within each campaign. A positive correlation between the oceanic CH3I emissions and the efficiency of CH3I troposphere stratosphere transport has been identified for some cruise sections. The mechanism of strong horizontal surface winds triggering large emissions on the one hand and being associated with tropical convective systems, such as developing typhoons, on the other hand, could explain the identified correlations. As a result of the simultaneous occurrence of large CH3I emissions and strong vertical uplift, localized maximum mixing ratios of 0.6 ppt CH3I at the cold point have been determined for observed peak emissions during the SHIVA (Stratospheric Ozone: Halogen Impacts in a Varying Atmosphere)-Sonne research vessel campaign in the coastal western Pacific. The other two campaigns give considerably smaller maxima of 0.1 ppt CH3I in the open western Pacific and 0.03 ppt in the coastal eastern Atlantic. In order to assess the representativeness of the large local mixing ratios, we use climatological emission scenarios to derive global upper air estimates of CH3I abundances. The model results are compared with available upper air measurements, including data from the recent ATTREX and HIPPO2 aircraft campaigns. In the eastern Pacific region, the location of the available measurement campaigns in the upper TTL, the comparisons give a good agreement, indicating that around 0.01 to 0.02 ppt of CH3I enter the stratosphere. However, other tropical regions that are subject to stronger convective activity show larger CH3I entrainment, e.g., 0.08 ppt in the western Pacific. Overall our model results give a tropical contribution of 0.04 ppt CH3I to the stratospheric iodine budget. The strong variations in the geographical distribution of CH3I entrainment suggest that currently available upper air measurements are not representative of global estimates and further campaigns will be necessary in order to better understand the CH3I contribution to stratospheric iodine.

AB - We investigate the contribution of oceanic methyl iodide (CH3I) to the stratospheric iodine budget. Based on CH3I measurements from three tropical ship campaigns and the Lagrangian transport model FLEXPART, we provide a detailed analysis of CH3I transport from the ocean surface to the cold point in the upper tropical tropopause layer (TTL). While average oceanic emissions differ by less than 50% from campaign to campaign, the measurements show much stronger variations within each campaign. A positive correlation between the oceanic CH3I emissions and the efficiency of CH3I troposphere stratosphere transport has been identified for some cruise sections. The mechanism of strong horizontal surface winds triggering large emissions on the one hand and being associated with tropical convective systems, such as developing typhoons, on the other hand, could explain the identified correlations. As a result of the simultaneous occurrence of large CH3I emissions and strong vertical uplift, localized maximum mixing ratios of 0.6 ppt CH3I at the cold point have been determined for observed peak emissions during the SHIVA (Stratospheric Ozone: Halogen Impacts in a Varying Atmosphere)-Sonne research vessel campaign in the coastal western Pacific. The other two campaigns give considerably smaller maxima of 0.1 ppt CH3I in the open western Pacific and 0.03 ppt in the coastal eastern Atlantic. In order to assess the representativeness of the large local mixing ratios, we use climatological emission scenarios to derive global upper air estimates of CH3I abundances. The model results are compared with available upper air measurements, including data from the recent ATTREX and HIPPO2 aircraft campaigns. In the eastern Pacific region, the location of the available measurement campaigns in the upper TTL, the comparisons give a good agreement, indicating that around 0.01 to 0.02 ppt of CH3I enter the stratosphere. However, other tropical regions that are subject to stronger convective activity show larger CH3I entrainment, e.g., 0.08 ppt in the western Pacific. Overall our model results give a tropical contribution of 0.04 ppt CH3I to the stratospheric iodine budget. The strong variations in the geographical distribution of CH3I entrainment suggest that currently available upper air measurements are not representative of global estimates and further campaigns will be necessary in order to better understand the CH3I contribution to stratospheric iodine.

KW - PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL

KW - TROPICAL ATLANTIC-OCEAN

KW - MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER

KW - FREE TROPOSPHERE

KW - PHOTOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION

KW - GASEOUS IODINE

KW - GAS-EXCHANGE

KW - WEST PACIFIC

KW - SEA

KW - TRANSPORT

U2 - 10.5194/acp-13-11869-2013

DO - 10.5194/acp-13-11869-2013

M3 - Journal article

VL - 13

SP - 11869

EP - 11886

JO - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

SN - 1680-7316

IS - 23

ER -