Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - The fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances within a melting snowpack of a boreal forest
AU - Codling, Garry
AU - Halsall, Crispin
AU - Ahrens, Lutz
AU - Del Vento, Sabino
AU - Wiberg, Karin
AU - Bergknut, Magnus
AU - Laudon, Hjalmar
AU - Ebinghaus, Ralf
PY - 2014/8
Y1 - 2014/8
N2 - Per- and polyfluoroallcyl substances (PFAS) were measured systematically in a snowpack in northern Sweden to determine chemical behaviour during seasonal melt. Average PFAS concentrations were generally low, but displayed a wide range with median (range) concentrations of PFOA and PFOS of 66.5 pg L-1 (ND-122) and 20.5 pg L-1 (2.60-253) respectively. Average concentrations of the shorter chain, C4 and C5 perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs), were similar to 10-fold higher. Differences in the PFAS concentrations and profile were observed between surface snow and deeper layers, with evidence of PFAS migration to deeper snow layers as melt progressed. Chemical loads (ng m(-2)) for C4-9 PFCAs decreased gradually as melt progressed, but increased for C-4, C6-8 PFSAs and the longer chain C10-12 PFCAs. This enrichment in the diminishing snowpack is an unusual phenomenon that will affect PFAS elution with meltwater and subsequent entry to catchment surface waters. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
AB - Per- and polyfluoroallcyl substances (PFAS) were measured systematically in a snowpack in northern Sweden to determine chemical behaviour during seasonal melt. Average PFAS concentrations were generally low, but displayed a wide range with median (range) concentrations of PFOA and PFOS of 66.5 pg L-1 (ND-122) and 20.5 pg L-1 (2.60-253) respectively. Average concentrations of the shorter chain, C4 and C5 perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs), were similar to 10-fold higher. Differences in the PFAS concentrations and profile were observed between surface snow and deeper layers, with evidence of PFAS migration to deeper snow layers as melt progressed. Chemical loads (ng m(-2)) for C4-9 PFCAs decreased gradually as melt progressed, but increased for C-4, C6-8 PFSAs and the longer chain C10-12 PFCAs. This enrichment in the diminishing snowpack is an unusual phenomenon that will affect PFAS elution with meltwater and subsequent entry to catchment surface waters. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)
KW - Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)
KW - Snow
KW - Fate
KW - Atmospheric deposition
KW - PERFLUORINATED ACIDS
KW - PERFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES
KW - ORGANIC-CHEMICALS
KW - SURFACE WATERS
KW - ENRICHMENT
KW - RUNOFF
KW - AIR
KW - FOG
KW - PRECIPITATION
KW - POLLUTANTS
U2 - 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.04.032
DO - 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.04.032
M3 - Journal article
VL - 191
SP - 190
EP - 198
JO - Environmental Pollution
JF - Environmental Pollution
SN - 0269-7491
ER -