Rights statement: This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication/published in The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abed4d
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Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - The HST See Change Program: I. Survey Design, Pipeline, and Supernova Discoveries
AU - See Change
AU - Hayden, Brian
AU - Rubin, David
AU - Boone, Kyle
AU - Aldering, Greg
AU - Nordin, Jakob
AU - Brodwin, Mark
AU - Deustua, Susana
AU - Dixon, Sam
AU - Fagrelius, Parker
AU - Fruchter, Andy
AU - Eisenhardt, Peter
AU - Gonzalez, Anthony
AU - Gupta, Ravi
AU - Hook, Isobel
AU - Lidman, Chris
AU - Luther, Kyle
AU - Muzzin, Adam
AU - Raha, Zachary
AU - Ruiz-Lapuente, Pilar
AU - Saunders, Clare
AU - Sofiatti, Caroline
AU - Stanford, Adam
AU - Suzuki, Nao
AU - Webb, Tracy
AU - Williams, Steven C.
AU - Wilson, Gillian
AU - Yen, Mike
AU - Amanullah, Rahman
AU - Barbary, Kyle
AU - Bohringer, Hans
AU - Chappell, Greta
AU - Cunha, Carlos
AU - Currie, Miles
AU - Fassbender, Rene
AU - Gladders, Michael
AU - Goobar, Ariel
AU - Hildenrandt, Hendrik
AU - Hoekstra, Henk
AU - Huang, Xiaosheng
AU - Huterer, Dragan
AU - Jee, M. James
AU - Kim, Alex
AU - Kowalski, Marek
AU - Linder, Eric
AU - Meyers, Joshua E.
AU - Pain, Reynald
AU - Perlmutter, Saul
AU - Richard, Johan
AU - Rosati, Piero
AU - Rozo, Eduardo
N1 - This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication/published in The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abed4d
PY - 2021/5/7
Y1 - 2021/5/7
N2 - The See Change survey was designed to make $z>1$ cosmological measurements by efficiently discovering high-redshift Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) and improving cluster mass measurements through weak lensing. This survey observed twelve galaxy clusters with the Hubble Space Telescope spanning the redshift range $z=1.13$ to $1.75$, discovering 57 likely transients and 27 likely SNe Ia at $z\sim 0.8-2.3$. As in similar previous surveys (Dawson et al. 2009), this proved to be a highly efficient use of HST for SN observations; the See Change survey additionally tested the feasibility of maintaining, or further increasing, the efficiency at yet higher redshifts, where we have less detailed information on the expected cluster masses and star-formation rates. We find that the resulting number of SNe Ia per orbit is a factor of $\sim 8$ higher than for a field search, and 45% of our orbits contained an active SN Ia within 22 rest-frame days of peak, with one of the clusters by itself yielding 6 of the SNe Ia. We present the survey design, pipeline, and SN discoveries. Novel features include fully blinded SN searches, the first random forest candidate classifier for undersampled IR data (with a 50% detection threshold within 0.05 magnitudes of human searchers), real-time forward-modeling photometry of candidates, and semi-automated photometric classifications and follow-up forecasts. We also describe the spectroscopic follow-up, instrumental in measuring host-galaxy redshifts. The cosmology analysis of our sample will be presented in a companion paper.
AB - The See Change survey was designed to make $z>1$ cosmological measurements by efficiently discovering high-redshift Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) and improving cluster mass measurements through weak lensing. This survey observed twelve galaxy clusters with the Hubble Space Telescope spanning the redshift range $z=1.13$ to $1.75$, discovering 57 likely transients and 27 likely SNe Ia at $z\sim 0.8-2.3$. As in similar previous surveys (Dawson et al. 2009), this proved to be a highly efficient use of HST for SN observations; the See Change survey additionally tested the feasibility of maintaining, or further increasing, the efficiency at yet higher redshifts, where we have less detailed information on the expected cluster masses and star-formation rates. We find that the resulting number of SNe Ia per orbit is a factor of $\sim 8$ higher than for a field search, and 45% of our orbits contained an active SN Ia within 22 rest-frame days of peak, with one of the clusters by itself yielding 6 of the SNe Ia. We present the survey design, pipeline, and SN discoveries. Novel features include fully blinded SN searches, the first random forest candidate classifier for undersampled IR data (with a 50% detection threshold within 0.05 magnitudes of human searchers), real-time forward-modeling photometry of candidates, and semi-automated photometric classifications and follow-up forecasts. We also describe the spectroscopic follow-up, instrumental in measuring host-galaxy redshifts. The cosmology analysis of our sample will be presented in a companion paper.
KW - Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/abed4d
DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/abed4d
M3 - Journal article
VL - 912
JO - The Astrophysical Journal
JF - The Astrophysical Journal
SN - 0004-637X
IS - 2
M1 - 87
ER -