Drawing on family business studies and the knowledge-based view of economic growth, we develop and test a model of how the prevalence of small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) under family control affect economic growth. Specifically, we propose there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between family SMEs’ proportional representation and economic growth owing to their relative strengths and limitations vis-à-vis non-family SMEs. Using state-level data from the U.S. between 2004 and 2010, we find support for our hypothesis and the underlying contention that economic growth is maximized when an economy includes a balanced mix of family and non-family SMEs.