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Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - The independent pulsations of Jupiter's northern and southern X-ray auroras
AU - Dunn, W. R.
AU - Branduardi-Raymont, G.
AU - Ray, L. C.
AU - Jackman, C. M.
AU - Kraft, R. P.
AU - Elsner, R. F.
AU - Rae, I. J.
AU - Yao, Z.
AU - Vogt, M. F.
AU - Jones, G. H.
AU - Gladstone, G. R.
AU - Orton, G. S.
AU - Sinclair, J. A.
AU - Ford, P. G.
AU - Graham, G. A.
AU - Caro-Carretero, R.
AU - Coates, A. J.
N1 - © 2017 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved.
PY - 2017/11/1
Y1 - 2017/11/1
N2 - Auroral hot spots are observed across the Universe at different scales' and mark the coupling between a surrounding plasma environment and an atmosphere. Within our own Solar System, Jupiter possesses the only resolvable example of this large-scale energy transfer. Jupiter's northern X-ray aurora is concentrated into a hot spot, which is located at the most poleward regions of the planet's aurora and pulses either periodically(2,3) or irregularly(4,4). X-ray emission line spectra demonstrate that Jupiter's northern hot spot is produced by high charge-state oxygen, sulfur and/or carbon ions with an energy of tens of MeV (refs (4-6)) that are undergoing charge exchange. Observations instead failed to reveal a similar feature in the south(2,3,4,4). Here, we report the existence of a persistent southern X-ray hot spot. Surprisingly, this largescale southern auroral structure behaves independently of its northern counterpart. Using XMM-Newton and Chandra X-ray campaigns, performed in May-June 2016 and March 2007, we show that Jupiter's northern and southern spots each exhibit different characteristics, such as different periodic pulsations and uncorrelated changes in brightness. These observations imply that highly energetic, non-conjugate magnetospheric processes sometimes drive the polar regions of Jupiter's day side magnetosphere. This is in contrast to current models of X-ray generation for Jupiter(4,10). Understanding the behaviour and drivers of Jupiter's pair of hot spots is critical to the use of X-rays as diagnostics of the wide range of rapidly rotating celestial bodies that exhibit these auroral phenomena.
AB - Auroral hot spots are observed across the Universe at different scales' and mark the coupling between a surrounding plasma environment and an atmosphere. Within our own Solar System, Jupiter possesses the only resolvable example of this large-scale energy transfer. Jupiter's northern X-ray aurora is concentrated into a hot spot, which is located at the most poleward regions of the planet's aurora and pulses either periodically(2,3) or irregularly(4,4). X-ray emission line spectra demonstrate that Jupiter's northern hot spot is produced by high charge-state oxygen, sulfur and/or carbon ions with an energy of tens of MeV (refs (4-6)) that are undergoing charge exchange. Observations instead failed to reveal a similar feature in the south(2,3,4,4). Here, we report the existence of a persistent southern X-ray hot spot. Surprisingly, this largescale southern auroral structure behaves independently of its northern counterpart. Using XMM-Newton and Chandra X-ray campaigns, performed in May-June 2016 and March 2007, we show that Jupiter's northern and southern spots each exhibit different characteristics, such as different periodic pulsations and uncorrelated changes in brightness. These observations imply that highly energetic, non-conjugate magnetospheric processes sometimes drive the polar regions of Jupiter's day side magnetosphere. This is in contrast to current models of X-ray generation for Jupiter(4,10). Understanding the behaviour and drivers of Jupiter's pair of hot spots is critical to the use of X-rays as diagnostics of the wide range of rapidly rotating celestial bodies that exhibit these auroral phenomena.
KW - MIDDLE MAGNETOSPHERE
KW - SOLAR-WIND
KW - WAVES
KW - FLUX
U2 - 10.1038/s41550-017-0262-6
DO - 10.1038/s41550-017-0262-6
M3 - Journal article
VL - 1
SP - 758
EP - 764
JO - Nature Astronomy
JF - Nature Astronomy
SN - 2397-3366
IS - 11
ER -