TY - JOUR

T1 - The XMM Cluster Survey

T2 - evidence for energy injection at high redshift from evolution of the X-ray luminosity-temperature relation

AU - Hilton, Matt

AU - Romer, A. Kathy

AU - Kay, Scott T.

AU - Mehrtens, Nicola

AU - Lloyd-Davies, E. J.

AU - Thomas, Peter A.

AU - Short, Chris J.

AU - Mayers, Julian A.

AU - Rooney, Philip J.

AU - Stott, John P.

AU - Collins, Chris A.

AU - Harrison, Craig D.

AU - Hoyle, Ben

AU - Liddle, Andrew R.

AU - Mann, Robert G.

AU - Miller, Christopher J.

AU - Sahlén, Martin

AU - Viana, Pedro T P

AU - Davidson, Michael

AU - Hosmer, Mark

AU - Nichol, Robert C.

AU - Sabirli, Kivanc

AU - Stanford, S. A.

AU - West, Michael J.

PY - 2012/8/11

Y1 - 2012/8/11

N2 - We measure the evolution of the X-ray luminosity-temperature (L X - T) relation since z ~ 1.5 using a sample of 211 serendipitously detected galaxy clusters with spectroscopic redshifts drawn from the XMM Cluster Survey first data release (XCS-DR1). This is the first study spanning this redshift range using a single, large, homogeneous cluster sample. Using an orthogonal regression technique, we find no evidence for evolution in the slope or intrinsic scatter of the relation since z ~ 1.5, finding both to be consistent with previous measurements at z ~ 0.1. However, the normalization is seen to evolve negatively with respect to the self-similar expectation: we find E -1(z)L X = 10 44.67 ± 0.09(T/5) 3.04 ± 0.16(1 + z) -1.5 ± 0.5, which is within 2σ of the zero evolution case. We see milder, but still negative, evolution with respect to self-similar when using a bisector regression technique. We compare our results to numerical simulations, where we fit simulated cluster samples using the same methods used on the XCS data. Our data favour models in which the majority of the excess entropy required to explain the slope of the L X - T relation is injected at high redshift. Simulations in which active galactic nucleus feedback is implemented using prescriptions from current semi-analytic galaxy formation models predict the positive evolution of the normalization, and differ from our data at more than 5σ. This suggests that more efficient feedback at high redshift may be needed in these models.

AB - We measure the evolution of the X-ray luminosity-temperature (L X - T) relation since z ~ 1.5 using a sample of 211 serendipitously detected galaxy clusters with spectroscopic redshifts drawn from the XMM Cluster Survey first data release (XCS-DR1). This is the first study spanning this redshift range using a single, large, homogeneous cluster sample. Using an orthogonal regression technique, we find no evidence for evolution in the slope or intrinsic scatter of the relation since z ~ 1.5, finding both to be consistent with previous measurements at z ~ 0.1. However, the normalization is seen to evolve negatively with respect to the self-similar expectation: we find E -1(z)L X = 10 44.67 ± 0.09(T/5) 3.04 ± 0.16(1 + z) -1.5 ± 0.5, which is within 2σ of the zero evolution case. We see milder, but still negative, evolution with respect to self-similar when using a bisector regression technique. We compare our results to numerical simulations, where we fit simulated cluster samples using the same methods used on the XCS data. Our data favour models in which the majority of the excess entropy required to explain the slope of the L X - T relation is injected at high redshift. Simulations in which active galactic nucleus feedback is implemented using prescriptions from current semi-analytic galaxy formation models predict the positive evolution of the normalization, and differ from our data at more than 5σ. This suggests that more efficient feedback at high redshift may be needed in these models.

KW - Cosmology: observations

KW - Galaxies: clusters: general

KW - Galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium

KW - Galaxies: high-redshift

KW - X-rays: galaxies: clusters

U2 - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21359.x

DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21359.x

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:84864511985

VL - 424

SP - 2086

EP - 2096

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

SN - 0035-8711

IS - 3

ER -