Final published version
Licence: CC BY: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Total Cost of Ownership and Evaluation of Google Cloud Resources for the ATLAS Experiment at the LHC
AU - collaboration, The ATLAS
AU - Ali, Hanadi
AU - Alsolami, Zainab
AU - Barton, A.E.
AU - Borissov, G.
AU - Bouhova-Thacker, E.V.
AU - Ferguson, Ruby
AU - Ferrando, James
AU - Fox, H.
AU - Hagan, Alina
AU - Henderson, R.C.W.
AU - Jones, R.W.L.
AU - Kartvelishvili, V.
AU - Love, P.A.
AU - Marshall, E.J.
AU - Meng, L.
AU - Muenstermann, D.
AU - Ribaric, N.
AU - Sampson, Elliot
AU - Smizanska, M.
AU - Wharton, A.M.
PY - 2025/1/28
Y1 - 2025/1/28
N2 - The ATLAS Google Project was established as part of an ongoing evaluation of the use of commercial clouds by the ATLAS Collaboration, in anticipation of the potential future adoption of such resources by WLCG grid sites to fulfil or complement their computing pledges. Seamless integration of Google cloud resources into the worldwide ATLAS distributed computing infrastructure was achieved at large scale and for an extended period of time, and hence cloud resources are shown to be an effective mechanism to provide additional, flexible computing capacity to ATLAS. For the first time a total cost of ownership analysis has been performed, to identify the dominant cost drivers and explore effective mechanisms for cost control. Network usage significantly impacts the costs of certain ATLAS workflows, underscoring the importance of implementing such mechanisms. Resource bursting has been successfully demonstrated, whilst exposing the true cost of this type of activity. A follow-up to the project is underway to investigate methods for improving the integration of cloud resources in data-intensive distributed computing environments and reducing costs related to network connectivity, which represents the primary expense when extensively utilising cloud resources.
AB - The ATLAS Google Project was established as part of an ongoing evaluation of the use of commercial clouds by the ATLAS Collaboration, in anticipation of the potential future adoption of such resources by WLCG grid sites to fulfil or complement their computing pledges. Seamless integration of Google cloud resources into the worldwide ATLAS distributed computing infrastructure was achieved at large scale and for an extended period of time, and hence cloud resources are shown to be an effective mechanism to provide additional, flexible computing capacity to ATLAS. For the first time a total cost of ownership analysis has been performed, to identify the dominant cost drivers and explore effective mechanisms for cost control. Network usage significantly impacts the costs of certain ATLAS workflows, underscoring the importance of implementing such mechanisms. Resource bursting has been successfully demonstrated, whilst exposing the true cost of this type of activity. A follow-up to the project is underway to investigate methods for improving the integration of cloud resources in data-intensive distributed computing environments and reducing costs related to network connectivity, which represents the primary expense when extensively utilising cloud resources.
U2 - 10.1007/s41781-024-00128-x
DO - 10.1007/s41781-024-00128-x
M3 - Journal article
VL - 9
JO - Computing and Software for Big Science
JF - Computing and Software for Big Science
SN - 2510-2036
IS - 1
M1 - 2
ER -