Final published version
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Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Toward an Understanding of Healthy Cognitive Aging
T2 - The Importance of Lifestyle in Cognitive Reserve and the Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition
AU - Oosterhuis, Elise J
AU - Slade, Kate
AU - May, Patrick J C
AU - Nuttall, Helen E
PY - 2023/5/11
Y1 - 2023/5/11
N2 - The World Health Organization (WHO) aims to improve our understanding of the factors that promote healthy cognitive aging and combat dementia. Aging theories that consider individual aging trajectories are of paramount importance to meet the WHO’s aim. Both the revised Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition (STAC-r) and Cognitive Reserve theory (CR) offer theoretical frameworks for the mechanisms of cognitive aging and the positive influence of an engaged lifestyle. STAC-r additionally considers adverse factors, such as depression. The two theories explain different though partly overlapping aspects of cognitive aging. Currently, it is unclear where the theories agree and differ and what compensation mechanism of age-related cognitive decline might be better explained by either STAC-r, CR, or by both. This review provides an essential discussion of the similarities and differences between these prominent cognitive aging theories, their implications for intervention methods and neurodegenerative disease, and significant shortcomings that have not yet been addressed. This review will direct researchers to common insights in the field and to intervention targets and testable hypotheses for future research. Future research should investigate the potential use of STAC-r in neurodegenerative diseases and provide clarity as to what combination of factors build CR, including their relative importance and when in life they are most effective.
AB - The World Health Organization (WHO) aims to improve our understanding of the factors that promote healthy cognitive aging and combat dementia. Aging theories that consider individual aging trajectories are of paramount importance to meet the WHO’s aim. Both the revised Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition (STAC-r) and Cognitive Reserve theory (CR) offer theoretical frameworks for the mechanisms of cognitive aging and the positive influence of an engaged lifestyle. STAC-r additionally considers adverse factors, such as depression. The two theories explain different though partly overlapping aspects of cognitive aging. Currently, it is unclear where the theories agree and differ and what compensation mechanism of age-related cognitive decline might be better explained by either STAC-r, CR, or by both. This review provides an essential discussion of the similarities and differences between these prominent cognitive aging theories, their implications for intervention methods and neurodegenerative disease, and significant shortcomings that have not yet been addressed. This review will direct researchers to common insights in the field and to intervention targets and testable hypotheses for future research. Future research should investigate the potential use of STAC-r in neurodegenerative diseases and provide clarity as to what combination of factors build CR, including their relative importance and when in life they are most effective.
KW - Geriatrics and Gerontology
KW - Gerontology
KW - Clinical Psychology
KW - Social Psychology
U2 - 10.1093/geronb/gbac197
DO - 10.1093/geronb/gbac197
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 36546399
VL - 78
SP - 777
EP - 788
JO - Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences
JF - Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences
SN - 1079-5014
IS - 5
ER -