Final published version
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Transit route and frequency design
T2 - Bi-level modeling and hybrid artificial bee colony algorithm approach
AU - Szeto, W. Y.
AU - Jiang, Y.
PY - 2014/9
Y1 - 2014/9
N2 - This paper proposes a bi-level transit network design problem where the transit routes and frequency settings are determined simultaneously. The upper-level problem is formulated as a mixed integer non-linear program with the objective of minimizing the number of passenger transfers, and the lower-level problem is the transit assignment problem with capacity constraints. A hybrid artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is developed to solve the bi-level problem. This algorithm relies on the ABC algorithm to design route structures and a proposed descent direction search method to determine an optimal frequency setting for a given route structure. The descent direction search method is developed by analyzing the optimality conditions of the lower-level problem and using the relationship between the lower- and upper-level objective functions. The step size for updating the frequency setting is determined by solving a linear integer program. To efficiently repair route structures, a node insertion and deletion strategy is proposed based on the average passenger demand for the direct services concerned. To increase the computation speed, a lower bound of the objective value for each route design solution is derived and used in the fitness evaluation of the proposed algorithm. Various experiments are set up to demonstrate the performance of our proposed algorithm and the properties of the problem. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
AB - This paper proposes a bi-level transit network design problem where the transit routes and frequency settings are determined simultaneously. The upper-level problem is formulated as a mixed integer non-linear program with the objective of minimizing the number of passenger transfers, and the lower-level problem is the transit assignment problem with capacity constraints. A hybrid artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is developed to solve the bi-level problem. This algorithm relies on the ABC algorithm to design route structures and a proposed descent direction search method to determine an optimal frequency setting for a given route structure. The descent direction search method is developed by analyzing the optimality conditions of the lower-level problem and using the relationship between the lower- and upper-level objective functions. The step size for updating the frequency setting is determined by solving a linear integer program. To efficiently repair route structures, a node insertion and deletion strategy is proposed based on the average passenger demand for the direct services concerned. To increase the computation speed, a lower bound of the objective value for each route design solution is derived and used in the fitness evaluation of the proposed algorithm. Various experiments are set up to demonstrate the performance of our proposed algorithm and the properties of the problem. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW - Transit route and frequency setting problem
KW - Bus network design
KW - Bi-level programming
KW - Artificial bee colony algorithm
KW - Mixed integer program
KW - Matheuristics
KW - STRICT CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS
KW - STOCHASTIC USER EQUILIBRIUM
KW - NETWORK DESIGN
KW - GENETIC ALGORITHM
KW - ASSIGNMENT MODEL
KW - MARKET REGIMES
KW - FARE STRUCTURE
KW - MASS-TRANSIT
KW - TIME
KW - SYSTEMS
U2 - 10.1016/j.trb.2014.05.008
DO - 10.1016/j.trb.2014.05.008
M3 - Journal article
VL - 67
SP - 235
EP - 263
JO - Transportation Research Part B: Methodological
JF - Transportation Research Part B: Methodological
SN - 0191-2615
ER -