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UKESM1: Description and Evaluation of the U.K. Earth System Model

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UKESM1: Description and Evaluation of the U.K. Earth System Model. / Sellar, Alistair A.; Jones, Colin G.; Mulcahy, Jane P. et al.
In: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 11, No. 12, 31.12.2019, p. 4513-4558.

Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

Harvard

Sellar, AA, Jones, CG, Mulcahy, JP, Tang, Y, Yool, A, Wiltshire, A, O'Connor, FM, Stringer, M, Hill, R, Palmieri, J, Woodward, S, de Mora, L, Kuhlbrodt, T, Rumbold, ST, Kelley, DI, Ellis, R, Johnson, CE, Walton, J, Abraham, NL, Andrews, MB, Andrews, T, Archibald, AT, Berthou, S, Burke, E, Blockley, E, Carslaw, K, Dalvi, M, Edwards, J, Folberth, GA, Gedney, N, Griffiths, PT, Harper, AB, Hendry, MA, Hewitt, AJ, Johnson, B, Jones, A, Jones, CD, Keeble, J, Liddicoat, S, Morgenstern, O, Parker, RJ, Predoi, V, Robertson, E, Siahaan, A, Smith, RS, Swaminathan, R, Woodhouse, MT, Zeng, G & Zerroukat, M 2019, 'UKESM1: Description and Evaluation of the U.K. Earth System Model', Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 4513-4558. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001739

APA

Sellar, A. A., Jones, C. G., Mulcahy, J. P., Tang, Y., Yool, A., Wiltshire, A., O'Connor, F. M., Stringer, M., Hill, R., Palmieri, J., Woodward, S., de Mora, L., Kuhlbrodt, T., Rumbold, S. T., Kelley, D. I., Ellis, R., Johnson, C. E., Walton, J., Abraham, N. L., ... Zerroukat, M. (2019). UKESM1: Description and Evaluation of the U.K. Earth System Model. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 11(12), 4513-4558. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001739

Vancouver

Sellar AA, Jones CG, Mulcahy JP, Tang Y, Yool A, Wiltshire A et al. UKESM1: Description and Evaluation of the U.K. Earth System Model. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. 2019 Dec 31;11(12):4513-4558. doi: 10.1029/2019MS001739

Author

Sellar, Alistair A. ; Jones, Colin G. ; Mulcahy, Jane P. et al. / UKESM1 : Description and Evaluation of the U.K. Earth System Model. In: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. 2019 ; Vol. 11, No. 12. pp. 4513-4558.

Bibtex

@article{8b89ee14c0254486be37021b99cc636d,
title = "UKESM1: Description and Evaluation of the U.K. Earth System Model",
abstract = "We document the development of the first version of the U.K. Earth System Model UKESM1. The model represents a major advance on its predecessor HadGEM2-ES, with enhancements to all component models and new feedback mechanisms. These include a new core physical model with a well-resolved stratosphere; terrestrial biogeochemistry with coupled carbon and nitrogen cycles and enhanced land management; tropospheric-stratospheric chemistry allowing the holistic simulation of radiative forcing from ozone, methane, and nitrous oxide; two-moment, five-species, modal aerosol; and ocean biogeochemistry with two-way coupling to the carbon cycle and atmospheric aerosols. The complexity of coupling between the ocean, land, and atmosphere physical climate and biogeochemical cycles in UKESM1 is unprecedented for an Earth system model. We describe in detail the process by which the coupled model was developed and tuned to achieve acceptable performance in key physical and Earth system quantities and discuss the challenges involved in mitigating biases in a model with complex connections between its components. Overall, the model performs well, with a stable pre-industrial state and good agreement with observations in the latter period of its historical simulations. However, global mean surface temperature exhibits stronger-than-observed cooling from 1950 to 1970, followed by rapid warming from 1980 to 2014. Metrics from idealized simulations show a high climate sensitivity relative to previous generations of models: Equilibrium climate sensitivity is 5.4 K, transient climate response ranges from 2.68 to 2.85 K, and transient climate response to cumulative emissions is 2.49 to 2.66 K TtC−1.",
author = "Sellar, {Alistair A.} and Jones, {Colin G.} and Mulcahy, {Jane P.} and Yongming Tang and Andrew Yool and Andy Wiltshire and O'Connor, {Fiona M.} and Marc Stringer and Richard Hill and Julien Palmieri and Stephanie Woodward and {de Mora}, Lee and Till Kuhlbrodt and Rumbold, {Steven T.} and Kelley, {Douglas I.} and Rich Ellis and Johnson, {Colin E.} and Jeremy Walton and Abraham, {Nathan Luke} and Andrews, {Martin B.} and Timothy Andrews and Archibald, {Alex T.} and S{\'e}gol{\`e}ne Berthou and Eleanor Burke and Ed Blockley and Ken Carslaw and Mohit Dalvi and John Edwards and Folberth, {Gerd A.} and Nicola Gedney and Griffiths, {Paul T.} and Harper, {Anna B.} and Hendry, {Maggie A.} and Hewitt, {Alan J.} and Ben Johnson and Andy Jones and Jones, {Chris D.} and James Keeble and Spencer Liddicoat and Olaf Morgenstern and Parker, {Robert J.} and Valeriu Predoi and Eddy Robertson and Antony Siahaan and Smith, {Robin S.} and Ranjini Swaminathan and Woodhouse, {Matthew T.} and Guang Zeng and Mohamed Zerroukat",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright}2019. The Authors.",
year = "2019",
month = dec,
day = "31",
doi = "10.1029/2019MS001739",
language = "English",
volume = "11",
pages = "4513--4558",
journal = "Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems",
issn = "1942-2466",
publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Inc.",
number = "12",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - UKESM1

T2 - Description and Evaluation of the U.K. Earth System Model

AU - Sellar, Alistair A.

AU - Jones, Colin G.

AU - Mulcahy, Jane P.

AU - Tang, Yongming

AU - Yool, Andrew

AU - Wiltshire, Andy

AU - O'Connor, Fiona M.

AU - Stringer, Marc

AU - Hill, Richard

AU - Palmieri, Julien

AU - Woodward, Stephanie

AU - de Mora, Lee

AU - Kuhlbrodt, Till

AU - Rumbold, Steven T.

AU - Kelley, Douglas I.

AU - Ellis, Rich

AU - Johnson, Colin E.

AU - Walton, Jeremy

AU - Abraham, Nathan Luke

AU - Andrews, Martin B.

AU - Andrews, Timothy

AU - Archibald, Alex T.

AU - Berthou, Ségolène

AU - Burke, Eleanor

AU - Blockley, Ed

AU - Carslaw, Ken

AU - Dalvi, Mohit

AU - Edwards, John

AU - Folberth, Gerd A.

AU - Gedney, Nicola

AU - Griffiths, Paul T.

AU - Harper, Anna B.

AU - Hendry, Maggie A.

AU - Hewitt, Alan J.

AU - Johnson, Ben

AU - Jones, Andy

AU - Jones, Chris D.

AU - Keeble, James

AU - Liddicoat, Spencer

AU - Morgenstern, Olaf

AU - Parker, Robert J.

AU - Predoi, Valeriu

AU - Robertson, Eddy

AU - Siahaan, Antony

AU - Smith, Robin S.

AU - Swaminathan, Ranjini

AU - Woodhouse, Matthew T.

AU - Zeng, Guang

AU - Zerroukat, Mohamed

N1 - Publisher Copyright: ©2019. The Authors.

PY - 2019/12/31

Y1 - 2019/12/31

N2 - We document the development of the first version of the U.K. Earth System Model UKESM1. The model represents a major advance on its predecessor HadGEM2-ES, with enhancements to all component models and new feedback mechanisms. These include a new core physical model with a well-resolved stratosphere; terrestrial biogeochemistry with coupled carbon and nitrogen cycles and enhanced land management; tropospheric-stratospheric chemistry allowing the holistic simulation of radiative forcing from ozone, methane, and nitrous oxide; two-moment, five-species, modal aerosol; and ocean biogeochemistry with two-way coupling to the carbon cycle and atmospheric aerosols. The complexity of coupling between the ocean, land, and atmosphere physical climate and biogeochemical cycles in UKESM1 is unprecedented for an Earth system model. We describe in detail the process by which the coupled model was developed and tuned to achieve acceptable performance in key physical and Earth system quantities and discuss the challenges involved in mitigating biases in a model with complex connections between its components. Overall, the model performs well, with a stable pre-industrial state and good agreement with observations in the latter period of its historical simulations. However, global mean surface temperature exhibits stronger-than-observed cooling from 1950 to 1970, followed by rapid warming from 1980 to 2014. Metrics from idealized simulations show a high climate sensitivity relative to previous generations of models: Equilibrium climate sensitivity is 5.4 K, transient climate response ranges from 2.68 to 2.85 K, and transient climate response to cumulative emissions is 2.49 to 2.66 K TtC−1.

AB - We document the development of the first version of the U.K. Earth System Model UKESM1. The model represents a major advance on its predecessor HadGEM2-ES, with enhancements to all component models and new feedback mechanisms. These include a new core physical model with a well-resolved stratosphere; terrestrial biogeochemistry with coupled carbon and nitrogen cycles and enhanced land management; tropospheric-stratospheric chemistry allowing the holistic simulation of radiative forcing from ozone, methane, and nitrous oxide; two-moment, five-species, modal aerosol; and ocean biogeochemistry with two-way coupling to the carbon cycle and atmospheric aerosols. The complexity of coupling between the ocean, land, and atmosphere physical climate and biogeochemical cycles in UKESM1 is unprecedented for an Earth system model. We describe in detail the process by which the coupled model was developed and tuned to achieve acceptable performance in key physical and Earth system quantities and discuss the challenges involved in mitigating biases in a model with complex connections between its components. Overall, the model performs well, with a stable pre-industrial state and good agreement with observations in the latter period of its historical simulations. However, global mean surface temperature exhibits stronger-than-observed cooling from 1950 to 1970, followed by rapid warming from 1980 to 2014. Metrics from idealized simulations show a high climate sensitivity relative to previous generations of models: Equilibrium climate sensitivity is 5.4 K, transient climate response ranges from 2.68 to 2.85 K, and transient climate response to cumulative emissions is 2.49 to 2.66 K TtC−1.

U2 - 10.1029/2019MS001739

DO - 10.1029/2019MS001739

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:85074861901

VL - 11

SP - 4513

EP - 4558

JO - Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems

JF - Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems

SN - 1942-2466

IS - 12

ER -