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Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Youths Are Less Susceptible to Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Than Adults
T2 - A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
AU - Fernandes, John F.T.
AU - Hayes, Lawrence D.
AU - Dingley, Amelia F.
AU - Moeskops, Sylvia
AU - Oliver, Jon L.
AU - Arede, Jorge
AU - Twist, Craig
AU - Wilson, Laura J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 Human Kinetics, Inc.
PY - 2024/8/1
Y1 - 2024/8/1
N2 - PURPOSE: This meta-analysis aimed to (1) provide a comparison of peak changes in indirect markers of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in youths versus adults and (2) determine if the involved limb moderated this effect.METHOD: Studies were eligible for inclusion if they (1) provided a human youth versus adult comparison; (2) provided data on muscle strength, soreness, or creatine kinase markers beyond ≥24 hours; and (3) did not provide a recovery treatment. Effect sizes (ES) were presented alongside 95% confidence intervals.RESULTS: EIMD exhibited larger effects on adults than in youths for muscle strength (ES = -2.01; P < .001), muscle soreness (ES = -1.52; P < .001), and creatine kinase (ES = -1.98; P < .001). The random effects meta-regression indicated that the effects of upper- and lower-limb exercise in youths and adults were significant for muscle soreness (coefficient estimate = 1.11; P < .001) but not for muscle strength or creatine kinase (P > .05). As such, the between-group effects for muscle soreness (ES = -2.10 vs -1.03; P < .05) were greater in the upper than lower limbs.CONCLUSION: The magnitude of EIMD in youths is substantially less than in their adult counterparts, and this effect is greater in upper than lower limbs for muscle soreness. These findings help guide practitioners who may be concerned about the potential impact of EIMD when training youth athletes.
AB - PURPOSE: This meta-analysis aimed to (1) provide a comparison of peak changes in indirect markers of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in youths versus adults and (2) determine if the involved limb moderated this effect.METHOD: Studies were eligible for inclusion if they (1) provided a human youth versus adult comparison; (2) provided data on muscle strength, soreness, or creatine kinase markers beyond ≥24 hours; and (3) did not provide a recovery treatment. Effect sizes (ES) were presented alongside 95% confidence intervals.RESULTS: EIMD exhibited larger effects on adults than in youths for muscle strength (ES = -2.01; P < .001), muscle soreness (ES = -1.52; P < .001), and creatine kinase (ES = -1.98; P < .001). The random effects meta-regression indicated that the effects of upper- and lower-limb exercise in youths and adults were significant for muscle soreness (coefficient estimate = 1.11; P < .001) but not for muscle strength or creatine kinase (P > .05). As such, the between-group effects for muscle soreness (ES = -2.10 vs -1.03; P < .05) were greater in the upper than lower limbs.CONCLUSION: The magnitude of EIMD in youths is substantially less than in their adult counterparts, and this effect is greater in upper than lower limbs for muscle soreness. These findings help guide practitioners who may be concerned about the potential impact of EIMD when training youth athletes.
KW - creatine kinase
KW - eccentric exercise
KW - muscle strength
KW - soreness
U2 - 10.1123/pes.2023-0108
DO - 10.1123/pes.2023-0108
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 38065086
AN - SCOPUS:85189562832
VL - 36
SP - 123
EP - 134
JO - Pediatric Exercise Science
JF - Pediatric Exercise Science
SN - 0899-8493
IS - 3
ER -