Final published version
Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Chapter
Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Chapter
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TY - CHAP
T1 - Molecular Virology of Orthopoxviruses with Special Reference to Monkeypox Virus
AU - Rohaim, Mohammed A
AU - Naggar, Rania F El
AU - Atasoy, Mustafa O
AU - Munir, Muhammad
N1 - © 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
PY - 2024/5/28
Y1 - 2024/5/28
N2 - Poxviruses are large (200-450 nm) and enveloped viruses carrying double-stranded DNA genome with an epidermal cell-specific adaptation. The genus Orthopoxvirus within Poxviridae family constitutes several medically and veterinary important viruses including variola (smallpox), vaccinia, monkeypox virus (MPXV), and cowpox. The monkeypox disease (mpox) has recently emerged as a public health emergency caused by MPXV. An increasing number of human cases of MPXV have been documented in non-endemic nations without any known history of contact with animals brought in from endemic and enzootic regions, nor have they involved travel to an area where the virus was typically prevalent. Here, we review the MPXV replication, virus pathobiology, mechanism of viral infection transmission, virus evasion the host innate immunity and antiviral therapies against Mpox. Moreover, preventive measures including vaccination were discussed and concluded that cross-protection against MPXV may be possible using antibodies that are directed against an Orthopoxvirus. Despite the lack of a specialised antiviral medication, several compounds such as Cidofovir and Ribavirin warrant consideration against mpox.
AB - Poxviruses are large (200-450 nm) and enveloped viruses carrying double-stranded DNA genome with an epidermal cell-specific adaptation. The genus Orthopoxvirus within Poxviridae family constitutes several medically and veterinary important viruses including variola (smallpox), vaccinia, monkeypox virus (MPXV), and cowpox. The monkeypox disease (mpox) has recently emerged as a public health emergency caused by MPXV. An increasing number of human cases of MPXV have been documented in non-endemic nations without any known history of contact with animals brought in from endemic and enzootic regions, nor have they involved travel to an area where the virus was typically prevalent. Here, we review the MPXV replication, virus pathobiology, mechanism of viral infection transmission, virus evasion the host innate immunity and antiviral therapies against Mpox. Moreover, preventive measures including vaccination were discussed and concluded that cross-protection against MPXV may be possible using antibodies that are directed against an Orthopoxvirus. Despite the lack of a specialised antiviral medication, several compounds such as Cidofovir and Ribavirin warrant consideration against mpox.
KW - Humans
KW - Animals
KW - Monkeypox virus/genetics
KW - Orthopoxvirus/genetics
KW - Mpox (monkeypox)/virology
KW - Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
KW - Virus Replication
KW - Poxviridae Infections/virology
U2 - 10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_7
DO - 10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_7
M3 - Chapter
C2 - 38801574
SN - 9783031571640
T3 - Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
SP - 111
EP - 124
BT - Poxviruses
A2 - Rezaei, N.
PB - Springer
CY - Cham
ER -