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  • 2106.12609

    Rights statement: This is the author’s version of the work. It is posted here by permission of the AAAS for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Science on 375, 28/01/2022, DOI:10.1126/science.abi8627

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Out-of-equilibrium criticalities in graphene superlattices

Research output: Contribution to Journal/MagazineJournal articlepeer-review

Published
  • Alexey I. Berdyugin
  • Na Xin
  • Haoyang Gao
  • Sergey Slizovskiy
  • Zhiyu Dong
  • Shubhadeep Bhattacharjee
  • P. Kumaravadivel
  • Shuigang Xu
  • Matthew Holwill
  • D. A. Bandurin
  • Minsoo Kim
  • Yang Cao
  • M. T. Greenaway
  • K. S. Novoselov
  • I. V. Grigorieva
  • K. Watanabe
  • T. Taniguchi
  • V. I. Fal’ko
  • L. S. Levitov
  • Roshan Krishna Kumar
  • A. K. Geim
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<mark>Journal publication date</mark>28/01/2022
<mark>Journal</mark>Science
Issue number6579
Volume375
Number of pages4
Pages (from-to)430-433
Publication StatusPublished
<mark>Original language</mark>English

Abstract

In thermodynamic equilibrium, current in metallic systems is carried by electronic states near the Fermi energy, whereas the filled bands underneath contribute little to conduction. Here, we describe a very different regime in which carrier distribution in graphene and its superlattices is shifted so far from equilibrium that the filled bands start playing an essential role, leading to a critical-current behavior. The criticalities develop upon the velocity of electron flow reaching the Fermi velocity. Key signatures of the out-of-equilibrium state are current-voltage characteristics that resemble those of superconductors, sharp peaks in differential resistance, sign reversal of the Hall effect, and a marked anomaly caused by the Schwinger-like production of hot electron-hole plasma. The observed behavior is expected to be common to all graphene-based superlattices.

Bibliographic note

This is the author’s version of the work. It is posted here by permission of the AAAS for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Science on 375, 28/01/2022, DOI:10.1126/science.abi8627