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    Rights statement: This is the author’s version of the work. It is posted here by permission of the AAAS for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Science on 375, 28/01/2022, DOI:10.1126/science.abi8627

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Out-of-equilibrium criticalities in graphene superlattices

Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

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Out-of-equilibrium criticalities in graphene superlattices. / Berdyugin, Alexey I.; Xin, Na; Gao, Haoyang et al.
In: Science, Vol. 375, No. 6579, 28.01.2022, p. 430-433.

Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

Harvard

Berdyugin, AI, Xin, N, Gao, H, Slizovskiy, S, Dong, Z, Bhattacharjee, S, Kumaravadivel, P, Xu, S, Ponomarenko, LA, Holwill, M, Bandurin, DA, Kim, M, Cao, Y, Greenaway, MT, Novoselov, KS, Grigorieva, IV, Watanabe, K, Taniguchi, T, Fal’ko, VI, Levitov, LS, Kumar, RK & Geim, AK 2022, 'Out-of-equilibrium criticalities in graphene superlattices', Science, vol. 375, no. 6579, pp. 430-433. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abi8627

APA

Berdyugin, A. I., Xin, N., Gao, H., Slizovskiy, S., Dong, Z., Bhattacharjee, S., Kumaravadivel, P., Xu, S., Ponomarenko, L. A., Holwill, M., Bandurin, D. A., Kim, M., Cao, Y., Greenaway, M. T., Novoselov, K. S., Grigorieva, I. V., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Fal’ko, V. I., ... Geim, A. K. (2022). Out-of-equilibrium criticalities in graphene superlattices. Science, 375(6579), 430-433. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abi8627

Vancouver

Berdyugin AI, Xin N, Gao H, Slizovskiy S, Dong Z, Bhattacharjee S et al. Out-of-equilibrium criticalities in graphene superlattices. Science. 2022 Jan 28;375(6579):430-433. doi: 10.1126/science.abi8627

Author

Berdyugin, Alexey I. ; Xin, Na ; Gao, Haoyang et al. / Out-of-equilibrium criticalities in graphene superlattices. In: Science. 2022 ; Vol. 375, No. 6579. pp. 430-433.

Bibtex

@article{0d60b2faa0954ee9b319470341231777,
title = "Out-of-equilibrium criticalities in graphene superlattices",
abstract = "In thermodynamic equilibrium, current in metallic systems is carried by electronic states near the Fermi energy, whereas the filled bands underneath contribute little to conduction. Here, we describe a very different regime in which carrier distribution in graphene and its superlattices is shifted so far from equilibrium that the filled bands start playing an essential role, leading to a critical-current behavior. The criticalities develop upon the velocity of electron flow reaching the Fermi velocity. Key signatures of the out-of-equilibrium state are current-voltage characteristics that resemble those of superconductors, sharp peaks in differential resistance, sign reversal of the Hall effect, and a marked anomaly caused by the Schwinger-like production of hot electron-hole plasma. The observed behavior is expected to be common to all graphene-based superlattices.",
keywords = "Multidisciplinary",
author = "Berdyugin, {Alexey I.} and Na Xin and Haoyang Gao and Sergey Slizovskiy and Zhiyu Dong and Shubhadeep Bhattacharjee and P. Kumaravadivel and Shuigang Xu and Ponomarenko, {L. A.} and Matthew Holwill and Bandurin, {D. A.} and Minsoo Kim and Yang Cao and Greenaway, {M. T.} and Novoselov, {K. S.} and Grigorieva, {I. V.} and K. Watanabe and T. Taniguchi and Fal{\textquoteright}ko, {V. I.} and Levitov, {L. S.} and Kumar, {Roshan Krishna} and Geim, {A. K.}",
note = "This is the author{\textquoteright}s version of the work. It is posted here by permission of the AAAS for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Science on 375, 28/01/2022, DOI:10.1126/science.abi8627",
year = "2022",
month = jan,
day = "28",
doi = "10.1126/science.abi8627",
language = "English",
volume = "375",
pages = "430--433",
journal = "Science",
issn = "0036-8075",
publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
number = "6579",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Out-of-equilibrium criticalities in graphene superlattices

AU - Berdyugin, Alexey I.

AU - Xin, Na

AU - Gao, Haoyang

AU - Slizovskiy, Sergey

AU - Dong, Zhiyu

AU - Bhattacharjee, Shubhadeep

AU - Kumaravadivel, P.

AU - Xu, Shuigang

AU - Ponomarenko, L. A.

AU - Holwill, Matthew

AU - Bandurin, D. A.

AU - Kim, Minsoo

AU - Cao, Yang

AU - Greenaway, M. T.

AU - Novoselov, K. S.

AU - Grigorieva, I. V.

AU - Watanabe, K.

AU - Taniguchi, T.

AU - Fal’ko, V. I.

AU - Levitov, L. S.

AU - Kumar, Roshan Krishna

AU - Geim, A. K.

N1 - This is the author’s version of the work. It is posted here by permission of the AAAS for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Science on 375, 28/01/2022, DOI:10.1126/science.abi8627

PY - 2022/1/28

Y1 - 2022/1/28

N2 - In thermodynamic equilibrium, current in metallic systems is carried by electronic states near the Fermi energy, whereas the filled bands underneath contribute little to conduction. Here, we describe a very different regime in which carrier distribution in graphene and its superlattices is shifted so far from equilibrium that the filled bands start playing an essential role, leading to a critical-current behavior. The criticalities develop upon the velocity of electron flow reaching the Fermi velocity. Key signatures of the out-of-equilibrium state are current-voltage characteristics that resemble those of superconductors, sharp peaks in differential resistance, sign reversal of the Hall effect, and a marked anomaly caused by the Schwinger-like production of hot electron-hole plasma. The observed behavior is expected to be common to all graphene-based superlattices.

AB - In thermodynamic equilibrium, current in metallic systems is carried by electronic states near the Fermi energy, whereas the filled bands underneath contribute little to conduction. Here, we describe a very different regime in which carrier distribution in graphene and its superlattices is shifted so far from equilibrium that the filled bands start playing an essential role, leading to a critical-current behavior. The criticalities develop upon the velocity of electron flow reaching the Fermi velocity. Key signatures of the out-of-equilibrium state are current-voltage characteristics that resemble those of superconductors, sharp peaks in differential resistance, sign reversal of the Hall effect, and a marked anomaly caused by the Schwinger-like production of hot electron-hole plasma. The observed behavior is expected to be common to all graphene-based superlattices.

KW - Multidisciplinary

U2 - 10.1126/science.abi8627

DO - 10.1126/science.abi8627

M3 - Journal article

VL - 375

SP - 430

EP - 433

JO - Science

JF - Science

SN - 0036-8075

IS - 6579

ER -