The papers in this book were selected from those presented at the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) conference: Key Competencies in Informatics and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) held in Potsdam, Germany in July 2014. After the conference each author was given an opportunity to improve their paper, based on conference feedback, before publication in this book. All papers were initially peer reviewed for presentation at the conference and the final improved versions were peer reviewed again prior to publication.