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    Rights statement: This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Wan, F. , Titman, A. C. and Jaki, T. F. (2019), Subgroup analysis of treatment effects for misclassified biomarkers with time‐to‐event data. J. R. Stat. Soc. C, 68: 1447-1463. doi:10.1111/rssc.12364 which has been published in final form at https://rss.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/rssc.12364 This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance With Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archiving.

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Subgroup analysis of treatment effects for misclassified biomarkers with time-to-event data

Research output: Contribution to Journal/MagazineJournal articlepeer-review

Published
<mark>Journal publication date</mark>1/11/2019
<mark>Journal</mark>Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C (Applied Statistics)
Issue number5
Volume68
Number of pages17
Pages (from-to)1447-1463
Publication StatusPublished
Early online date1/07/19
<mark>Original language</mark>English

Abstract

Analysing subgroups defined by biomarkers is of increasing importance in clinical research. In many situations the biomarker is subject to misclassification error, meaning that the subgroups are identified with imperfect sensitivity and specificity. In these cases, it is improper to assume the Cox proportional hazards model for the subgroup‐specific treatment effects for time‐to‐event data with respect to the true subgroups, since the survival distributions with respect to the diagnosed subgroups will not adhere to the proportional hazards assumption. This precludes the possibility of using simple adjustment procedures. Two approaches to modelling are considered; the corrected score approach and a method based on formally modelling the data as a mixture of Cox models using an expectation–maximization algorithm for estimation. The methods are comparable for moderate‐to‐large sample sizes, but the expectation–maximization algorithm performs better when there are 100 patients per group. An estimate of the overall population treatment effect is obtained through the interpretation of the hazard ratio as a concordance odds. The methods are illustrated on data from a renal cell cancer trial.

Bibliographic note

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Wan, F. , Titman, A. C. and Jaki, T. F. (2019), Subgroup analysis of treatment effects for misclassified biomarkers with time‐to‐event data. J. R. Stat. Soc. C, 68: 1447-1463. doi:10.1111/rssc.12364 which has been published in final form at https://rss.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/rssc.12364 This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance With Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archiving.