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Research

Professor Brian Francis

Professor of Social Statistics

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  1. 2021
  2. Published

    On the Unreliability of Multiple Systems Estimation for Estimating the Number of Potential Victims of Modern Slavery in the UK

    Whitehead, J., Jackson, J., Balch, A. & Francis, B., 2/01/2021, In: Journal of Human Trafficking. 7, 1, p. 1-13 13 p.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  3. 2020
  4. E-pub ahead of print

    Whitehead et al. Response to “Misunderstandings of Multiple Systems Estimation.”

    Whitehead, J., Jackson, J., Balch, A. & Francis, B., 6/11/2020, In: Journal of Human Trafficking. 5 p.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Comment/debate › peer-review

  5. Published

    Heaviness-brightness correspondence and stimulus-response compatibility

    Walker, P., Scallon, G. & Francis, B., 1/05/2020, In: Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics. 82, p. 1949-1970 22 p.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  6. 2018
  7. Published

    Data collection on trafficking in human beings in the EU: Final report

    Francis, B., Walby, S., Pattinson, B., Elliott, A., Hoti - Llabjani, V., Phoenix, J., Verrall, R. & Peelo, M., 4/12/2018, Luxembourg: European Commission. 272 p.

    Research output: Book/Report/Proceedings › Commissioned report

  8. Published

    Latent class approaches for modelling multiple ordinal items

    Francis, B., 11/11/2018, ASMOD 2018 : Proceedings of the Advanced Statistical Modelling for Ordinal Data Conference : Naples, 24-26 October 2018 . Capecchi, S., Di Iorio, F. & Simone, R. (eds.). Napoli: FedOAPress, p. 3-13 10 p. 2

    Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Chapter (peer-reviewed) › peer-review

  9. Published

    'If England gets beaten, so will she' – the link between World Cup and violence explained

    Francis, B. & Kirby, S., 11/07/2018

    Research output: Exhibits, objects and web-based outputs › Blog

  10. Published

    Statistical challenges of administrative and transaction data: Contribution to discussion

    Babb, P., Zhang, L-C., Allin, P., Wallgren, A., Wallgren, B., Blunt, G., Garrett, A., Murtagh, F., Smith, P. W. F., Elliott, D., Nason, G., Powell, B., Moore, J. C., Durrant, G. B., Smith, P. W. F., Smith, P. A., Chambers, R. L., Herzberg, A. M., Pilling, M., Appleby, W. & 36 others, Barnett, A., Bhansali, R., Bharadwaj, N., Dong, Y., van den Brakel, J. A., Budd, L., Doidge, J., Gilbert, R., Francis, B., Frisoli, K., Nugent, R., Garcia Perez, F. J., Lara, L., Porcu, E., Henry, S., Hunt, I., Ieva, F., Gasperoni, F., Jansson, I., Kumar, K., Longford, N., Manninen, A., Mateu, J., McNicholas, P. D., McNicholas, S. M., Tait, P. A., Mehew, J., Oberski, D. L., Ruiz, M., Yohai, V. J., Zamar, R., Stehlik, M., Stehlikova, S., Nunez Soza, L., Towers, J. & Wijayatunga, P., 06/2018, In: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A Statistics in Society. 181, 3, p. 578-605 28 p.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Editorial › peer-review

  11. 2017
  12. Published

    Patterns of infant mortality in rural England and Wales, 1850-1910

    Atkinson, P. D., Francis, B. J., Gregory, I. N. & Porter, C., 1/11/2017, In: Economic History Review. 70, 4, p. 1268-1290 23 p.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  13. Published

    Cross-sensory correspondences: heaviness is dark and low-pitched

    Walker, P., Scallon, G. & Francis, B. J., 1/07/2017, In: Perception. 46, 7, p. 772-792 21 p.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  14. Published

    Statistical modelling of a terrorist network

    Aitkin, M., Vu, D. & Francis, B. J., 06/2017, In: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A Statistics in Society. 180, 3, p. 751-768 18 p.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  15. Published

    Spatial modelling of rural infant mortality and occupation in nineteenth-century Britain

    Atkinson, P. D., Francis, B. J., Gregory, I. N. & Porter, C., 26/04/2017, In: Demographic Research. 36, p. 1337-1360 24 p., 44.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  16. Published

    Changing crime-mix patterns of offending over the life course: a comparative study in England & Wales and the Netherlands.

    Elliott, A., Francis, B. J., Soothill, K. L. & Blokland, A., 6/03/2017, The Routledge Handbook of Life-Course Criminology. Blokland, A. & van der Geest, V. (eds.). London: Routledge, (Routledge International Handbooks).

    Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Chapter (peer-reviewed) › peer-review

  17. Published

    Gambling harm and crime careers

    May-Chahal, C. A., Humphreys, L. N., Clifton, A. K., Francis, B. J. & Reith, G., 1/03/2017, In: Journal of Gambling Studies. 33, 1, p. 65-84 20 p.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  18. Published

    The concept and measurement of violence against women and men

    Walby, S., Towers, J., Balderston, S., Corradi, C., Francis, B. J., Heiskanen, M., Helweg-Larsen, K., Mergaert, L., Olive, P., Palmer, C. E., Stockl, H. & Strid, S., 14/02/2017, Policy Press.

    Research output: Book/Report/Proceedings › Book

  19. 2016
  20. Published

    Investigating the relationship between the diversity index and frequency of offending

    Francis, B. J. & Humphreys, L. N., 12/2016, In: Journal of Developmental and Life Course Criminology . 2, 4, p. 397-416 20 p.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  21. Published

    Is violence increasing or decreasing? a new methodology to measure repeat attacks making visible the significance of gender and domestic relations

    Walby, S., Towers, J. & Francis, B., 1/11/2016, In: British Journal of Criminology. 56, 6, p. 1203-1234 32 p.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  22. Published

    Study on comprehensive policy review of anti-trafficking projects funded by the European Commission: HOME/2014/ISFP/PR/THBX/0052

    Walby, S., Towers, J., Francis, B. J., Shire, K., Kelly, L., Apitzsch, B., Armstrong, J. E., Balderston, S., Fish, A. R., Hardaker, C., Kirby, S., May-Chahal, C. A. & Palmer, C. E., 17/10/2016, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. 106 p.

    Research output: Book/Report/Proceedings › Commissioned report

  23. Published

    Blackmail

    Francis, B. J., Peelo, M. & Soothill, K., 26/05/2016, Oxford Bibliographies Online: Criminology. Huebner, B. (ed.). New York: Oxford University Press

    Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Entry for encyclopedia/dictionary

  24. Published

    Using the UK general offender database as a means to measure and analyse organised crime

    Kirby, S., Francis, B., Humphreys, L. & Soothill, K. L., 11/04/2016, In: Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management. 39, 1, p. 78-94 17 p.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  25. Published

    The Fetal Observable Movement System (FOMS)

    Reissland, N., Francis, B. J. & Buttanshaw, L., 6/04/2016, Fetal development: research on brain and behavior, environmental influences and emerging technologies. Reissland, N. & Kisilevsky, B. (eds.). New York: Springer International Publishing, p. 153-175 23 p.

    Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Chapter

  26. Published

    Smoothing group-based trajectory models through B-splines

    Francis, B. J., Elliott, A. & Weldon, M., 04/2016, In: Journal of Developmental and Life Course Criminology . 2, 1, p. 113-133 21 p.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  27. Published

    Study on the gender dimension of trafficking in human beings

    Walby, S., Apitzsch, B., Armstrong, J. E., Balderston, S., Szmagalska-Follis, K., Francis, B. J., Kelly, L., May-Chahal, C. A., Rashid, A., Shire, K., Towers, J. & Tunte, M., 16/03/2016, 240 p. Luxembourg : European Commission.

    Research output: Other contribution

  28. Published

    Do fetuses move their lips to the sound that they hear? an observational feasibility study on auditory stimulation in the womb

    Reissland, N., Francis, B. J., Buttanshaw, L., Austen, J. & Reid, V. M., 1/03/2016, In: Pilot and Feasibility Studies. 2, 14, p. 1-7 7 p., 14.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  29. 2015
  30. Published

    The size-brightness correspondence: evidence for crosstalk among aligned conceptual feature dimensions

    Walker, P., Walker, L. & Francis, B., 11/2015, In: Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics. 77, 8, p. 2694-2710 17 p.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  31. Published

    A new Bayesian approach for determining the number of components in a finite mixture

    Aitkin, M., Vu, D. & Francis, B., 21/08/2015, In: Metron. 73, 2, p. 155-175 21 p.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  32. Published

    Changing prevalence of sex offender convictions: disentangling age, period, and cohort effects over time

    Francis, B., Hargreaves, C. & Soothill, K., 15/08/2015, Sex offenders: a criminal career approach. Blokland, A. & Lussier, P. (eds.). Chichester: Wiley, p. 231-256 26 p.

    Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Chapter (peer-reviewed)

  33. Published

    Modelling escalation in crime seriousness: a latent variable approach

    Francis, B. & Liu, J., 08/2015, In: Metron. 73, 2, p. 277-297 21 p.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  34. Published

    Stopping rape: towards a comprehensive policy

    Walby, S., Olive, P., Towers, J., Francis, B., Strid, S., Krizsan, A., Lombardo, E., May-Chahal, C., Franzway, S., Sugarman, D., Aganwal, B. & Armstrong, J., 22/07/2015, Bristol: Policy Press. 308 p.

    Research output: Book/Report/Proceedings › Book

  35. Published

    Robust maximum likelihood estimation of latent class models

    Bartolucci, F., Francis, B., Pandolfi, S. & Pennoni, F., 07/2015, Proceedings of the 30th International Workshop on Statistical Modelling: Proceedings Volume 1. Friedl, H. & Wagner, H. (eds.). Linz, Austria: johannes Kepler University, Linz, p. 94-99 6 p.

    Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Conference contribution/Paper › peer-review

  36. Published

    Markov models of dependence in longitudinal paired comparisons: an application to course design

    Grand, A., Dittrich, R. & Francis, B., 04/2015, In: AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis. 99, 2, p. 237-257 21 p.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  37. Published

    Laterality of foetal self-touch in relation to maternal stress

    Reissland, N., Aydin, E., Francis, B. & Exley, K., 2015, In: Laterality. 20, 1, p. 82-94 13 p.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  38. 2014
  39. Published

    Mainstreaming domestic and gender-based violence into sociology and the criminology of violence

    Walby, S., Towers, J. & Francis, B., 18/12/2014, In: The Sociological Review. 62, S2, p. 187–214 28 p.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  40. Published

    Can the FIFA world cup football (soccer) tournament be associated with an increase in domestic abuse?

    Kirby, S., Francis, B. & O'Flahery, R., 08/2014, In: Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. 51, 3, p. 259-276 18 p.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  41. Published

    Sexual and general offending trajectories of men referred for civil commitment

    Francis, B., Harris, D., Wallace, S., Soothill, K. & Knight, R., 08/2014, In: Sexual Abuse. 26, 4, p. 311-329 19 p.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  42. Published

    Statistical modelling of the group structure of social networks

    Aitkin, M., Vu, D. & Francis, B., 07/2014, In: Social Networks. 38, p. 74-87 14 p.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  43. Published

    The development of anticipation in the fetus: a longitudinal account of human fetal mouth movements in reaction to and anticipation of touch

    Reissland, N., Francis, B., Aydin, E., Mason, J. & Schaal, B., 07/2014, In: Developmental Psychobiology. 56, 5, p. 955-963 9 p.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  44. Published

    Development of prenatal lateralization: evidence from fetal mouth movements

    Reissland, N., Francis, B., Aydin, E., Mason, J. & Exley, K., 28/05/2014, In: Physiology and Behavior. 131, p. 160-163 4 p.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  45. Published

    The long term recidivism risk of young sexual offenders in England and Wales - enduring risk or redemption?

    Hargreaves, C. & Francis, B., 03/2014, In: Journal of Criminal Justice. 42, 2, p. 164-172 9 p.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  46. Published

    A mixture model for longitudinal partially ranked data

    Francis, B., Dittrich, R., Hatzinger, R. & Humphreys, L., 2014, In: Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods. 43, 4, p. 722–734 13 p.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  47. Published

    Changing crime-mix patterns of offending over the life course: a comparative study in England and Wales and the Netherlands

    Elliott, A. & Francis, B., 2014.

    Research output: Contribution to conference - Without ISBN/ISSN › Conference paper

  48. Published

    The decline in the rate of domestic violence has stopped: removing the cap on repeat victimisation reveals more violence

    Walby, S., Towers, J. & Francis, B., 2014, Lancaster: Lancaster University. 4 p.

    Research output: Book/Report/Proceedings › Other report

  49. 2013
  50. Published

    Sexual recidivism

    Francis, B. & Soothill, K., 11/2013, Encyclopedia of criminology and criminal justice. Bruinsma, G. & Weisburd, D. (eds.). New York: Springer, p. 4798-4809 12 p.

    Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Entry for encyclopedia/dictionary

  51. Published

    Overview of the worldwide best practices for rape prevention and for assisting women victims of rape

    Walby, S., Olive, P., Towers, J., Francis, B., Strid, S., Krizsán, A., Lombardo, E., May-Chahal, C., Franzway, S., Sugarman, D. & Agarwal, B., 10/10/2013, European Parliament. 212 p.

    Research output: Book/Report/Proceedings › Commissioned report

  52. Published

    Understanding criminal careers in organised crime

    Francis, B., Humphreys, L., Kirby, S. & Soothill, K., 7/10/2013, London: Home Office. 120 p. (Crime research and analysis; no. 74)

    Research output: Book/Report/Proceedings › Commissioned report

  53. Published

    Middle-class offenders as employees – assessing the risk: a 35-year follow-up

    Soothill, K., Humphreys, L. & Francis, B., 08/2013, In: Journal of Offender Rehabilitation. 52, 6, p. 407-420 14 p.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  54. Published

    Can healthy fetuses show facial expressions of “pain” or “distress”?

    Reissland, N., Francis, B. & Mason, J., 5/06/2013, In: PLoS ONE. 8, 6, 7 p., e65530.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  55. 2012
  56. Published

    Development of Fetal Yawn Compared with Non-Yawn Mouth Openings from 24-36 Weeks Gestation

    Reissland, N., Francis, B. & Mason, J., 22/11/2012, In: PLoS ONE. 7, 11, e50569.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  57. Published

    Predicting reconviction: do some predictors fade with length of follow-up?

    Francis, B., Soothill, K. & Humphreys, L., 11/2012, p. 1-18. 18 p.

    Research output: Contribution to conference - Without ISBN/ISSN › Conference paper

  58. Published

    Middle-Class Offenders: A 35-Year Follow-Up

    Soothill, K., Humphreys, L. & Francis, B., 07/2012, In: British Journal of Criminology. 52, 4, p. 765-786 22 p.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

  59. Published

    Latent class mixed effects models for partially ranked preferences: examining changes in postmaterialism over time.

    Francis, B., Dittrich, R. & Hatzinger, R., 05/2012, In: Quaderni di Statistica. 14, p. 109-112 4 p.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

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