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Research

Professor Brian Francis

Professor of Social Statistics

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  1. 2023
  2. Published

    Care Experience, Ethnicity and Youth Justice Involvement: Key Trends and Policy Implications

    Hunter, K., Francis, B. & Fitzpatrick, C., 21/09/2023, 15 p. ADR-UK.

    Research output: Other contribution

  3. Published

    Police risk assessment and case outcomes in missing person investigations

    Phoenix, J. & Francis, B., 1/09/2023, In: The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles. 96, 3, p. 390-410 21 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  4. 2022
  5. Published

    Using saturated count models for user-friendly synthesis of large confidential administrative databases

    Jackson, J., Mitra, R., Francis, B. & Dove, I., 31/10/2022, In: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A Statistics in Society. 185, 4, p. 1613-1643 31 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  6. Published

    Whitehead et al. Response to “Misunderstandings of Multiple Systems Estimation.”

    Whitehead, J., Jackson, J., Balch, A. & Francis, B., 31/10/2022, In: Journal of Human Trafficking. 8, 4, p. 469-473 5 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  7. Published

    On integrating the number of synthetic data sets m into the a priori synthesis approach

    Jackson, J., Mitra, R., Francis, B. & Dove, I., 14/09/2022, Privacy in Statistical Databases: International Conference, PSD 2022, Paris, France, September 21–23, 2022, Proceedings. Domingo-Ferrer, J. & Laurent, M. (eds.). Cham: Springer, p. 205-219 15 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

    Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Conference contribution/Paper › peer-review

  8. Published

    Using saturated models for data synthesis

    Jackson, J., Francis, B., Mitra, R. & Dove, I., 18/07/2022, Proceedings of the 36th International Workshop on Statistical Modelling: July 18-22, 2022 - Trieste, Italy. Torelli, N., Bellio, R. & Muggeo, V. (eds.). EUT Edizioni Università di Trieste, Trieste 2022, p. 205-210 6 p. 34

    Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Conference contribution/Paper

  9. Published

    In Honour of Murray Aitkin: Special Issue of <Statistical Modelling>

    Francis, B. (ed.) & Hinde, J. (ed.), 22/04/2022, In: Statistical Modelling. 22, 1-2, p. 1-145 145 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Special issue › peer-review

  10. Published

    Reflections on statistical modelling: A conversation with Murray Aitkin

    Aitkin, M., Hinde, J. & Francis, B., 1/02/2022, In: Statistical Modelling. 22, 1-2, p. 13-32 20 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  11. 2021
  12. Published

    Down syndrome, temporal variation and fallout radiation revisited: Statistical evidence

    Awwad, F., Francis, B. J. & Abonazel, M. R., 16/07/2021, In: Communications in Mathematical Biology and Neuroscience. 2021, 15 p., 61.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  13. Published

    On the Unreliability of Multiple Systems Estimation for Estimating the Number of Potential Victims of Modern Slavery in the UK

    Whitehead, J., Jackson, J., Balch, A. & Francis, B., 2/01/2021, In: Journal of Human Trafficking. 7, 1, p. 1-13 13 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  14. 2020
  15. Published

    Heaviness-brightness correspondence and stimulus-response compatibility

    Walker, P., Scallon, G. & Francis, B., 1/05/2020, In: Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics. 82, p. 1949-1970 22 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  16. 2019
  17. Published

    Bilinear models for score building:

    Francis, B. & Davies, E., 12/2019.

    Research output: Contribution to conference - Without ISBN/ISSN › Abstract › peer-review

  18. Published

    Bilinear models for scaling and score building: when should they be used?

    Francis, B. & Davies, E., 02/2019.

    Research output: Contribution to conference - Without ISBN/ISSN › Abstract › peer-review

  19. 2018
  20. Published

    Data collection on trafficking in human beings in the EU: Final report

    Francis, B., Walby, S., Pattinson, B., Elliott, A., Hoti - Llabjani, V., Phoenix, J., Verrall, R. & Peelo, M., 4/12/2018, Luxembourg: European Commission. 272 p.

    Research output: Book/Report/Proceedings › Commissioned report

  21. Published

    Latent class approaches for modelling multiple ordinal items

    Francis, B., 11/11/2018, ASMOD 2018 : Proceedings of the Advanced Statistical Modelling for Ordinal Data Conference : Naples, 24-26 October 2018 . Capecchi, S., Di Iorio, F. & Simone, R. (eds.). Napoli: FedOAPress, p. 3-13 10 p. 2

    Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Chapter (peer-reviewed) › peer-review

  22. Published

    'If England gets beaten, so will she' – the link between World Cup and violence explained

    Francis, B. & Kirby, S., 11/07/2018

    Research output: Exhibits, objects and web-based outputs › Blog

  23. Published

    Statistical challenges of administrative and transaction data: Contribution to discussion

    Babb, P., Zhang, L-C., Allin, P., Wallgren, A., Wallgren, B., Blunt, G., Garrett, A., Murtagh, F., Smith, P. W. F., Elliott, D., Nason, G., Powell, B., Moore, J. C., Durrant, G. B., Smith, P. W. F., Smith, P. A., Chambers, R. L., Herzberg, A. M., Pilling, M., Appleby, W., & 36 othersBarnett, A., Bhansali, R., Bharadwaj, N., Dong, Y., van den Brakel, J. A., Budd, L., Doidge, J., Gilbert, R., Francis, B., Frisoli, K., Nugent, R., Garcia Perez, F. J., Lara, L., Porcu, E., Henry, S., Hunt, I., Ieva, F., Gasperoni, F., Jansson, I., Kumar, K., Longford, N., Manninen, A., Mateu, J., McNicholas, P. D., McNicholas, S. M., Tait, P. A., Mehew, J., Oberski, D. L., Ruiz, M., Yohai, V. J., Zamar, R., Stehlik, M., Stehlikova, S., Nunez Soza, L., Towers, J. & Wijayatunga, P., 06/2018, In: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A Statistics in Society. 181, 3, p. 578-605 28 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Editorial › peer-review

  24. 2017
  25. Published

    Patterns of infant mortality in rural England and Wales, 1850-1910

    Atkinson, P. D., Francis, B. J., Gregory, I. N. & Porter, C., 1/11/2017, In: Economic History Review. 70, 4, p. 1268-1290 23 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  26. Published

    Cross-sensory correspondences: heaviness is dark and low-pitched

    Walker, P., Scallon, G. & Francis, B. J., 1/07/2017, In: Perception. 46, 7, p. 772-792 21 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  27. Published

    Statistical modelling of a terrorist network

    Aitkin, M., Vu, D. & Francis, B. J., 06/2017, In: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A Statistics in Society. 180, 3, p. 751-768 18 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  28. Published

    Spatial modelling of rural infant mortality and occupation in nineteenth-century Britain

    Atkinson, P. D., Francis, B. J., Gregory, I. N. & Porter, C., 26/04/2017, In: Demographic Research. 36, p. 1337-1360 24 p., 44.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  29. Published

    Changing crime-mix patterns of offending over the life course: a comparative study in England & Wales and the Netherlands.

    Elliott, A., Francis, B. J., Soothill, K. L. & Blokland, A., 6/03/2017, The Routledge Handbook of Life-Course Criminology. Blokland, A. & van der Geest, V. (eds.). London: Routledge, (Routledge International Handbooks).

    Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Chapter (peer-reviewed) › peer-review

  30. Published

    Gambling harm and crime careers

    May-Chahal, C. A., Humphreys, L. N., Clifton, A. K., Francis, B. J. & Reith, G., 1/03/2017, In: Journal of Gambling Studies. 33, 1, p. 65-84 20 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  31. Published

    The concept and measurement of violence against women and men

    Walby, S., Towers, J., Balderston, S., Corradi, C., Francis, B. J., Heiskanen, M., Helweg-Larsen, K., Mergaert, L., Olive, P., Palmer, C. E., Stockl, H. & Strid, S., 14/02/2017, Policy Press.

    Research output: Book/Report/Proceedings › Book

  32. 2016
  33. Published

    Investigating the relationship between the diversity index and frequency of offending

    Francis, B. J. & Humphreys, L. N., 12/2016, In: Journal of Developmental and Life Course Criminology . 2, 4, p. 397-416 20 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  34. Published

    Is violence increasing or decreasing? a new methodology to measure repeat attacks making visible the significance of gender and domestic relations

    Walby, S., Towers, J. & Francis, B., 1/11/2016, In: British Journal of Criminology. 56, 6, p. 1203-1234 32 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  35. Published

    Study on comprehensive policy review of anti-trafficking projects funded by the European Commission: HOME/2014/ISFP/PR/THBX/0052

    Walby, S., Towers, J., Francis, B. J., Shire, K., Kelly, L., Apitzsch, B., Armstrong, J. E., Balderston, S., Fish, A. R., Hardaker, C., Kirby, S., May-Chahal, C. A. & Palmer, C. E., 17/10/2016, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. 106 p.

    Research output: Book/Report/Proceedings › Commissioned report

  36. Published

    Blackmail

    Francis, B. J., Peelo, M. & Soothill, K., 26/05/2016, Oxford Bibliographies Online: Criminology. Huebner, B. (ed.). New York: Oxford University Press

    Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Entry for encyclopedia/dictionary

  37. Published

    Using the UK general offender database as a means to measure and analyse organised crime

    Kirby, S., Francis, B., Humphreys, L. & Soothill, K. L., 11/04/2016, In: Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management. 39, 1, p. 78-94 17 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  38. Published

    The Fetal Observable Movement System (FOMS)

    Reissland, N., Francis, B. J. & Buttanshaw, L., 6/04/2016, Fetal development: research on brain and behavior, environmental influences and emerging technologies. Reissland, N. & Kisilevsky, B. (eds.). New York: Springer International Publishing, p. 153-175 23 p.

    Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Chapter

  39. Published

    Smoothing group-based trajectory models through B-splines

    Francis, B. J., Elliott, A. & Weldon, M., 04/2016, In: Journal of Developmental and Life Course Criminology . 2, 1, p. 113-133 21 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  40. Published

    Study on the gender dimension of trafficking in human beings

    Walby, S., Apitzsch, B., Armstrong, J. E., Balderston, S., Szmagalska-Follis, K., Francis, B. J., Kelly, L., May-Chahal, C. A., Rashid, A., Shire, K., Towers, J. & Tunte, M., 16/03/2016, 240 p. Luxembourg : European Commission.

    Research output: Other contribution

  41. Published

    Do fetuses move their lips to the sound that they hear? an observational feasibility study on auditory stimulation in the womb

    Reissland, N., Francis, B. J., Buttanshaw, L., Austen, J. & Reid, V. M., 1/03/2016, In: Pilot and Feasibility Studies. 2, 14, p. 1-7 7 p., 14.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  42. 2015
  43. Published

    The size-brightness correspondence: evidence for crosstalk among aligned conceptual feature dimensions

    Walker, P., Walker, L. & Francis, B., 11/2015, In: Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics. 77, 8, p. 2694-2710 17 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  44. Published

    A new Bayesian approach for determining the number of components in a finite mixture

    Aitkin, M., Vu, D. & Francis, B., 21/08/2015, In: Metron. 73, 2, p. 155-175 21 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  45. Published

    Changing prevalence of sex offender convictions: disentangling age, period, and cohort effects over time

    Francis, B., Hargreaves, C. & Soothill, K., 15/08/2015, Sex offenders: a criminal career approach. Blokland, A. & Lussier, P. (eds.). Chichester: Wiley, p. 231-256 26 p.

    Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Chapter (peer-reviewed)

  46. Published

    Modelling escalation in crime seriousness: a latent variable approach

    Francis, B. & Liu, J., 08/2015, In: Metron. 73, 2, p. 277-297 21 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  47. Published

    Stopping rape: towards a comprehensive policy

    Walby, S., Olive, P., Towers, J., Francis, B., Strid, S., Krizsan, A., Lombardo, E., May-Chahal, C., Franzway, S., Sugarman, D., Aganwal, B. & Armstrong, J., 22/07/2015, Bristol: Policy Press. 308 p.

    Research output: Book/Report/Proceedings › Book

  48. Published

    Robust maximum likelihood estimation of latent class models

    Bartolucci, F., Francis, B., Pandolfi, S. & Pennoni, F., 07/2015, Proceedings of the 30th International Workshop on Statistical Modelling: Proceedings Volume 1. Friedl, H. & Wagner, H. (eds.). Linz, Austria: johannes Kepler University, Linz, p. 94-99 6 p.

    Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Conference contribution/Paper › peer-review

  49. Published

    Markov models of dependence in longitudinal paired comparisons: an application to course design

    Grand, A., Dittrich, R. & Francis, B., 04/2015, In: AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis. 99, 2, p. 237-257 21 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  50. Published

    Laterality of foetal self-touch in relation to maternal stress

    Reissland, N., Aydin, E., Francis, B. & Exley, K., 2015, In: Laterality. 20, 1, p. 82-94 13 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  51. 2014
  52. Published

    Mainstreaming domestic and gender-based violence into sociology and the criminology of violence

    Walby, S., Towers, J. & Francis, B., 18/12/2014, In: The Sociological Review. 62, S2, p. 187–214 28 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  53. Published

    Can the FIFA world cup football (soccer) tournament be associated with an increase in domestic abuse?

    Kirby, S., Francis, B. & O'Flahery, R., 08/2014, In: Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. 51, 3, p. 259-276 18 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  54. Published

    Sexual and general offending trajectories of men referred for civil commitment

    Francis, B., Harris, D., Wallace, S., Soothill, K. & Knight, R., 08/2014, In: Sexual Abuse. 26, 4, p. 311-329 19 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  55. Published

    Statistical modelling of the group structure of social networks

    Aitkin, M., Vu, D. & Francis, B., 07/2014, In: Social Networks. 38, p. 74-87 14 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  56. Published

    The development of anticipation in the fetus: a longitudinal account of human fetal mouth movements in reaction to and anticipation of touch

    Reissland, N., Francis, B., Aydin, E., Mason, J. & Schaal, B., 07/2014, In: Developmental Psychobiology. 56, 5, p. 955-963 9 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  57. Published

    Development of prenatal lateralization: evidence from fetal mouth movements

    Reissland, N., Francis, B., Aydin, E., Mason, J. & Exley, K., 28/05/2014, In: Physiology and Behavior. 131, p. 160-163 4 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  58. Published

    The long term recidivism risk of young sexual offenders in England and Wales - enduring risk or redemption?

    Hargreaves, C. & Francis, B., 03/2014, In: Journal of Criminal Justice. 42, 2, p. 164-172 9 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  59. Published

    A mixture model for longitudinal partially ranked data

    Francis, B., Dittrich, R., Hatzinger, R. & Humphreys, L., 2014, In: Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods. 43, 4, p. 722–734 13 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  60. Published

    Changing crime-mix patterns of offending over the life course: a comparative study in England and Wales and the Netherlands

    Elliott, A. & Francis, B., 2014.

    Research output: Contribution to conference - Without ISBN/ISSN › Conference paper

  61. Published

    The decline in the rate of domestic violence has stopped: removing the cap on repeat victimisation reveals more violence

    Walby, S., Towers, J. & Francis, B., 2014, Lancaster: Lancaster University. 4 p.

    Research output: Book/Report/Proceedings › Other report

  62. 2013
  63. Published

    Sexual recidivism

    Francis, B. & Soothill, K., 11/2013, Encyclopedia of criminology and criminal justice. Bruinsma, G. & Weisburd, D. (eds.). New York: Springer, p. 4798-4809 12 p.

    Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Entry for encyclopedia/dictionary

  64. Published

    Overview of the worldwide best practices for rape prevention and for assisting women victims of rape

    Walby, S., Olive, P., Towers, J., Francis, B., Strid, S., Krizsán, A., Lombardo, E., May-Chahal, C., Franzway, S., Sugarman, D. & Agarwal, B., 10/10/2013, European Parliament. 212 p.

    Research output: Book/Report/Proceedings › Commissioned report

  65. Published

    Understanding criminal careers in organised crime

    Francis, B., Humphreys, L., Kirby, S. & Soothill, K., 7/10/2013, London: Home Office. 120 p. (Crime research and analysis; no. 74)

    Research output: Book/Report/Proceedings › Commissioned report

  66. Published

    Middle-class offenders as employees – assessing the risk: a 35-year follow-up

    Soothill, K., Humphreys, L. & Francis, B., 08/2013, In: Journal of Offender Rehabilitation. 52, 6, p. 407-420 14 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  67. Published

    Can healthy fetuses show facial expressions of “pain” or “distress”?

    Reissland, N., Francis, B. & Mason, J., 5/06/2013, In: PLoS ONE. 8, 6, 7 p., e65530.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  68. 2012
  69. Published

    Development of Fetal Yawn Compared with Non-Yawn Mouth Openings from 24-36 Weeks Gestation

    Reissland, N., Francis, B. & Mason, J., 22/11/2012, In: PLoS ONE. 7, 11, e50569.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  70. Published

    Predicting reconviction: do some predictors fade with length of follow-up?

    Francis, B., Soothill, K. & Humphreys, L., 11/2012, p. 1-18. 18 p.

    Research output: Contribution to conference - Without ISBN/ISSN › Conference paper

  71. Published

    Middle-Class Offenders: A 35-Year Follow-Up

    Soothill, K., Humphreys, L. & Francis, B., 07/2012, In: British Journal of Criminology. 52, 4, p. 765-786 22 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  72. Published

    Latent class mixed effects models for partially ranked preferences: examining changes in postmaterialism over time.

    Francis, B., Dittrich, R. & Hatzinger, R., 05/2012, In: Quaderni di Statistica. 14, p. 109-112 4 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  73. Published

    Missing observations in paired comparison data

    Dittrich, R., Francis, B., Hatzinger, R. & Katzenbeisser, W., 04/2012, In: Statistical Modelling. 12, 2, p. 117-143 27 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  74. Published

    Homicide in England and Wales

    Francis, B. & Soothill, K., 01/2012, Handbook of European homicide research: patterns, explanations, and country studies. Liem, M. & Pridemore, W. (eds.). Berlin: Springer, p. 287-300 14 p.

    Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Chapter (peer-reviewed)

  75. Published

    A common scheme for cross-sensory correspondences across stimulus domains

    Walker, L., Walker, P. & Francis, B., 2012, In: Perception. 41, 10, p. 1186-1192 7 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  76. Published

    A common scheme for cross-sensory correspondences across stimulus domains

    Walker, L., Walker, P. & Francis, B., 2012, p. 67-67. 1 p.

    Research output: Contribution to conference - Without ISBN/ISSN › Conference paper › peer-review

  77. Published

    A common scheme for cross-sensory correspondences across stimulus domains

    Walker, L., Walker, P. & Francis, B., 2012, In: Seeing and Perceiving. 25, Suppl. 1, p. 67-67 1 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  78. Published

    Modeling Microgenetic Data

    Towse, A., Lewis, C. & Francis, B., 2012, Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning. Seel, N. (ed.). Berlin: Springer, p. 2317-2320 4 p. (Springer Reference).

    Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Entry for encyclopedia/dictionary

  79. 2011
  80. Published

    Once a sex offender, always a sex offender?”

    Hargreaves, C. & Francis, B., 09/2011.

    Research output: Contribution to conference - Without ISBN/ISSN › Conference paper

  81. Published

    Do facial expressions develop before birth?

    Reissland, N., Francis, B., Mason, J. & Lincoln, K., 31/08/2011, In: PLoS ONE. 6, 8, 7 p., e24081 .

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  82. Published

    Controls over nutrient dynamics in overland flows on slopes representative of agricultural land in North West Europe

    Armstrong, A., Quinton, J. N., Francis, B., Heng, B. C. P. & Sander, G. C., 15/08/2011, In: Geoderma. 164, 1-2, p. 2-10 9 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  83. Unpublished

    Disentangling the Age, Period and Cohort Effects on Convictions for Sexual Offending

    Francis, B., Hargreaves, C. & Soothill, K., 4/07/2011, (Unpublished).

    Research output: Contribution to conference - Without ISBN/ISSN › Conference paper

  84. Published

    A Longitudinal Study of Escalation in Crime Seriousness

    Liu, J., Francis, B. & Soothill, K., 06/2011, In: Journal of Quantitative Criminology. 27, 2, p. 175-196 22 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  85. Published

    Conceptualising recidivism for prediction and risk

    Francis, B., 05/2011, Recidivism and Reoffending in South Africa. Cape Town, South Africa: Open Society Foundation, p. 16-21 6 p.

    Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Chapter (peer-reviewed)

  86. Published

    Considering paradigms of crime reduction in different contexts

    Soothill, K. & Francis, B., 04/2011, National and international perspectives on crime and policing: Towards a coherent strategy for crime reduction in South Africa beyond 2010. Gould, C. (ed.). Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies, p. 1-17 17 p.

    Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Chapter (peer-reviewed)

  87. Published

    What is latent class analysis

    Francis, B., 2011

    Research output: Exhibits, objects and web-based outputs › Digital or Visual Products

  88. 2010
  89. Published

    The quality of fetal arm movements as indicators of fetal stress

    Reissland, N. & Francis, B., 12/2010, In: Early Human Development. 86, 12, p. 813-816 4 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  90. Published

    Developing Statistical Consultancy Skills In Post-Graduate Students: a case study

    Sharples, S. J., Yeend, E. N., Francis, B., Ridall, G. & Booth, G., 07/2010, ICOTS 8 Proceedings: International conference on Teaching Statistics, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Reading, C. (ed.). Auckland, New Zealand: International Association for Statistical Education, 4 p.

    Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Conference contribution/Paper › peer-review

  91. Published

    Resource Discovery For Teaching Datasets

    Hoti - Llabjani, V., Francis, B. & Lancaster, G., 07/2010, ICOTS 8 proceedings: International Conference on Teaching Statistics 2010 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Reading, C. (ed.). Auckland, New Zealand: International Association for Statistical Education, 4 p.

    Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Conference contribution/Paper › peer-review

  92. Published

    Criminal Lifestyle Specialization: Female Offending in England and Wales

    Francis, B., Liu, J. & Soothill, K., 06/2010, In: International Criminal Justice Review. 20, 2, p. 188-204 17 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  93. Published

    Exploring paradigms of crime reduction: An empirical longitudinal study

    Soothill, K., Christoffersen, M. N., Hussain, M. A. & Francis, B., 31/03/2010, In: British Journal of Criminology. 50, 2, p. 222-238 17 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  94. Published

    Exploring Paradigms of Crime Reduction

    Soothill, K., Christoffersen, M. N., Hussain, M. A. & Francis, B., 03/2010, In: British Journal of Criminology. 50, 2, p. 222-238 17 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  95. Published

    The impact of peatland drain-blocking on dissolved organic carbon loss and discolouration of water : results from a national survey.

    Armstrong, A., Holden, J., Kay, P., Francis, B., Foulger, M., Gledhill, S., McDonald, A. & Walker, A., 5/02/2010, In: Journal of Hydrology. 381, 1-2, p. 112-120 9 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  96. Published

    The importance of co-convictions in the prediction of dangerous recidivism: blackmail and kidnapping as a demonstration study

    Soothill, K., Francis, B. & Liu, J., 02/2010, In: Criminology and Criminal Justice. 10, 1, p. 23-36 14 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  97. Published

    The debate rumbles on: The measurement tail is now wagging the dog

    Soothill, K. & Francis, B., 01/2010, In: New Law Journal. 7401, p. 94-95 2 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  98. Published

    Blackmail, kidnapping and threats to kill: Chapter 21

    Soothill, K. & Francis, B., 2010, Handbook on Crime. Brookman, F., Maguire, M., Pierpoint, H. & Bennett, T. (eds.). Cullompton: Willan, p. 393-414 22 p.

    Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Chapter (peer-reviewed)

  99. Published

    Joint developmental trajectories of victimization and offending in young people

    Sharples, S. J. & Francis, B. J., 2010, 2010 American Society of Criminology Annual Meeting.

    Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Conference contribution/Paper › peer-review

  100. Published

    Modeling heterogeneity in ranked responses by nonparametric maximum likelihood: How do Europeans get their scientific knowledge?

    Francis, B., Dittrich, R. & Hatzinger, R., 2010, In: Annals of Applied Statistics. 4, 4, p. 2181-2202 22 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  101. Published

    SIMPLE: Helping to introduce statistics to social science students

    Fritz, C., Francis, B., Morris, P. & Peelo, M., 2010, Responding to the mathematics problem: The implementation of institutional support mechanisms. Marr, C. M. & Grove, M. J. (eds.). Birmingham, UK: The Maths, Stats & OR Network, p. 51-58 8 p.

    Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Chapter (peer-reviewed)

  102. Published

    The brightness-weight illusion: darker objects look heavier but feel lighter

    Walker, P., Francis, B. J. & Walker, L., 2010, In: Experimental Psychology. 57, 6, p. 462-469 8 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  103. 2009
  104. Published

    Keeping information on Police databases

    Soothill, K. & Francis, B., 09/2009, In: Criminal Law and Justice Weekly. 2 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  105. Published

    Lancaster Postgraduate Statistics Centre – creating enterprise and innovation in teaching statistics across disciplines.

    Lancaster, G., Francis, B. & Allen, R., 02/2009, In: MSOR Connections. 9, 1, p. 41-46 6 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  106. Published

    Developing numeracy in criminology students through crime data.

    Humphreys, L. & Francis, B., 2009, CETL-MSOR Conference 2008 Lancaster University 8th – 9th September Conference Proceedings. Green, D. (ed.). Birmingham, U.K.: The Maths, Stats & OR Network, p. 51-56 6 p.

    Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Chapter (peer-reviewed)

  107. Published

    Keeping the DNA link

    Soothill, K. & Francis, B., 2009, In: New Law Journal. 159, p. 73-78 6 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  108. Published

    OGRS 3: the revised Offender Group Reconviction Scale

    Howard, P., Francis, B., Soothill, K. & Humphreys, L., 2009, London: Ministry of Justice. 6 p. (Research Summary)

    Research output: Book/Report/Proceedings › Commissioned report

  109. Published

    Statistical modelling in R

    Aitkin, M., Francis, B., Hinde, J. & Darnell, R., 2009, Oxford: Oxford University Press. 568 p. (Oxford Statistical Science Series)

    Research output: Book/Report/Proceedings › Book

  110. Published

    Tackling mixed messages: embedding advanced numeracy in graduate identities.

    Peelo, M. T. & Francis, B., 2009, In: MSOR Connections. 9, 4, p. 23-27 5 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  111. Published

    Understanding criminal careers

    Soothill, K., Fitzpatrick, C. & Francis, B., 2009, Cullompton: Willan. 204 p.

    Research output: Book/Report/Proceedings › Book

  112. Published

    When do ex-offenders become like non-offenders?

    Francis, B. & Soothill, K., 2009, In: The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice. 48, 4, p. 373-387 15 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  113. 2008
  114. Published

    Does serious offending lead to homicide? exploring the interrelationships and sequencing of serious crime.

    Soothill, K., Francis, B. & Liu, J., 07/2008, In: British Journal of Criminology. 48, 4, p. 522-537 16 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  115. Published

    Kidnapping offenders: their risk of escalation to repeat offending and other serious crime.

    Liu, J., Francis, B. & Soothill, K., 06/2008, In: Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology. 19, 2, p. 164 - 179 16 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

  116. Published

    Risk factors for a first-time drink-driving conviction among young men: a birth cohort study of all men born in Denmark in 1966.

    Christoffersen, M. N., Soothill, K. & Francis, B., 06/2008, In: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 34, 4, p. 415 - 425 11 p.

    Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review

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