Rights statement: Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.
Final published version, 353 KB, PDF document
Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › Journal article › peer-review
Article number | L16103 |
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<mark>Journal publication date</mark> | 19/08/2011 |
<mark>Journal</mark> | Geophysical Research Letters |
Issue number | 16 |
Volume | 38 |
Number of pages | 6 |
Publication Status | Published |
<mark>Original language</mark> | English |
The recent decline in the open magnetic flux of the Sun heralds the end of the Grand Solar Maximum (GSM) that has persisted throughout the space age, during which the largest-fluence Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events have been rare and Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) fluxes have been relatively low. In the absence of a predictive model of the solar dynamo, we here make analogue forecasts by studying past variations of solar activity in order to evaluate how long-term change in space climate may influence the hazardous energetic particle environment of the Earth in the future. We predict the probable future variations in GCR flux, near-Earth interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), sunspot number, and the probability of large SEP events, all deduced from cosmogenic isotope abundance changes following 24 GSMs in a 9300-year record. Citation: Barnard, L., M. Lockwood, M. A. Hapgood, M. J. Owens, C. J. Davis, and F. Steinhilber (2011), Predicting space climate change, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L16103, doi: 10.1029/2011GL048489.